WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)

Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, biased surveillance and discriminatory law enforcement approaches gained momentum. In 2003, Reem Bahdi published “No Exit: Racial Profiling and Canada‟s War Against Terrorism.” She analyzed the influence that the declaration of a war against terrorism by...

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Main Author: J.L. Savarese
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Windsor 2012-10-01
Series:Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice
Online Access:http://ojs.uwindsor.ca/ojs/leddy/index.php/WYAJ/article/view/4375
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spelling doaj-ccd16b962b3c48959c7c4a563f0693ea2020-11-25T02:07:05ZengUniversity of WindsorWindsor Yearbook of Access to Justice0710-08412012-10-013021992243427WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)J.L. Savarese0Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, St. Thomas University (Canada)Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, biased surveillance and discriminatory law enforcement approaches gained momentum. In 2003, Reem Bahdi published “No Exit: Racial Profiling and Canada‟s War Against Terrorism.” She analyzed the influence that the declaration of a war against terrorism by Western nations, including Canada, was having on Arabs and Muslims. Other scholars critiqued aspects of Canada‟s anti-terrorism response, including the incorporation of a motive clause into the Criminal Code sections prohibiting terrorist offences. In R. v. Khawaja (2006), the Superior Court reviewed the constitutionality of the motive element in the definition of terrorism. It held that the motive clause facilitated the targeted law enforcement practices that Bahdi and others advocated against. This paper reports on a review of the appellate decisions, R. v. Khawaja (2010) and (2012), which held that the motive clause was consistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The appellate decisions are critiqued for their failure to adequately promote human dignity and equality in keeping with the Charter‘s spirit. As a result, the paper concludes by arguing for a return to the insights of Bahdi and others who encourage a rethinking of Canadian social policy after 9/11 to ensure commitment to human rights doctrines, particularly in regard to the racial profiling that the motive clause seemed to animate. Dans la foulée des attaques du 11 septembre 2001, des chercheurs ont observé que les activités de surveillance biaisées et les mesures discriminatoires d‟application de la loi se sont intensifiées. En 2003, Reem Bahdi a publié “No Exit: Racial Profiling and Canada‟s War Against Terrorism.” [« Sans issue : Profilage racial et guerre du Canada contre le terrorisme »]. Elle y analysait les répercussions de la déclaration de guerre contre le terrorisme par les pays occidentaux, y compris le Canada, sur les Arabes et les Musulmans. D‟autres chercheurs ont critiqué des aspects de la réponse antiterroriste du Canada, dont l‟incorporation d‟une disposition relative au mobile dans des articles du Code criminel portant sur des infractions de terrorisme. Dans l‟affaire R. v. Khawaja (2006), la Cour supérieure a accepté le point de vue selon lequel la disposition relative au mobile facilitait les mesures d‟application de la loi contestées par Reem Bahdi et les autres chercheurs. Le présent document fait état d‟une analyse de la décision rendue par la cour d‟appel dans l‟affaire R. v. Khawaja (2010) et portant que la disposition relative au mobile était conforme à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. La décision de la cour d‟appel est critiquée parce qu‟elle a négligé de promouvoir suffisamment la dignité et l‟égalité des personnes en respectant l‟esprit de la Charte. Finalement, le document conclut en plaidant un retour aux enseignements de Mme Bahdi et des autres chercheurs qui invitent à repenser la politique sociale canadienne après le 9/11 pour s‟assurer du respect des théories sur les droits de la personne, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne le profilage racial auquel la disposition relative au mobile semble avoir donné vie.http://ojs.uwindsor.ca/ojs/leddy/index.php/WYAJ/article/view/4375
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
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author J.L. Savarese
spellingShingle J.L. Savarese
WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice
author_facet J.L. Savarese
author_sort J.L. Savarese
title WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
title_short WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
title_full WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
title_fullStr WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
title_full_unstemmed WARMING UP THE “CHILLING EFFECT”: A COMMENT ON THE MOTIVE CLAUSE DISCUSSIONS IN R V KHAWAJA (2010) AND R V KHAWAJA (2012)
title_sort warming up the “chilling effect”: a comment on the motive clause discussions in r v khawaja (2010) and r v khawaja (2012)
publisher University of Windsor
series Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice
issn 0710-0841
publishDate 2012-10-01
description Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, biased surveillance and discriminatory law enforcement approaches gained momentum. In 2003, Reem Bahdi published “No Exit: Racial Profiling and Canada‟s War Against Terrorism.” She analyzed the influence that the declaration of a war against terrorism by Western nations, including Canada, was having on Arabs and Muslims. Other scholars critiqued aspects of Canada‟s anti-terrorism response, including the incorporation of a motive clause into the Criminal Code sections prohibiting terrorist offences. In R. v. Khawaja (2006), the Superior Court reviewed the constitutionality of the motive element in the definition of terrorism. It held that the motive clause facilitated the targeted law enforcement practices that Bahdi and others advocated against. This paper reports on a review of the appellate decisions, R. v. Khawaja (2010) and (2012), which held that the motive clause was consistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The appellate decisions are critiqued for their failure to adequately promote human dignity and equality in keeping with the Charter‘s spirit. As a result, the paper concludes by arguing for a return to the insights of Bahdi and others who encourage a rethinking of Canadian social policy after 9/11 to ensure commitment to human rights doctrines, particularly in regard to the racial profiling that the motive clause seemed to animate. Dans la foulée des attaques du 11 septembre 2001, des chercheurs ont observé que les activités de surveillance biaisées et les mesures discriminatoires d‟application de la loi se sont intensifiées. En 2003, Reem Bahdi a publié “No Exit: Racial Profiling and Canada‟s War Against Terrorism.” [« Sans issue : Profilage racial et guerre du Canada contre le terrorisme »]. Elle y analysait les répercussions de la déclaration de guerre contre le terrorisme par les pays occidentaux, y compris le Canada, sur les Arabes et les Musulmans. D‟autres chercheurs ont critiqué des aspects de la réponse antiterroriste du Canada, dont l‟incorporation d‟une disposition relative au mobile dans des articles du Code criminel portant sur des infractions de terrorisme. Dans l‟affaire R. v. Khawaja (2006), la Cour supérieure a accepté le point de vue selon lequel la disposition relative au mobile facilitait les mesures d‟application de la loi contestées par Reem Bahdi et les autres chercheurs. Le présent document fait état d‟une analyse de la décision rendue par la cour d‟appel dans l‟affaire R. v. Khawaja (2010) et portant que la disposition relative au mobile était conforme à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. La décision de la cour d‟appel est critiquée parce qu‟elle a négligé de promouvoir suffisamment la dignité et l‟égalité des personnes en respectant l‟esprit de la Charte. Finalement, le document conclut en plaidant un retour aux enseignements de Mme Bahdi et des autres chercheurs qui invitent à repenser la politique sociale canadienne après le 9/11 pour s‟assurer du respect des théories sur les droits de la personne, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne le profilage racial auquel la disposition relative au mobile semble avoir donné vie.
url http://ojs.uwindsor.ca/ojs/leddy/index.php/WYAJ/article/view/4375
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