Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films

Au-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Saleem, Kashif Irshad, Saif Ur Rehman, M. Sufyan Javed, Mohd Abul Hasan, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Saiful Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/702
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spelling doaj-cc9af7e18a66497fbbfc7327289bd38d2021-03-12T00:01:14ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-03-011170270210.3390/nano11030702Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle FilmsMuhammad Saleem0Kashif Irshad1Saif Ur Rehman2M. Sufyan Javed3Mohd Abul Hasan4Hafiz Muhammad Ali5Amjad Ali6Muhammad Zeeshan Malik7Saiful Islam8Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanCenter of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dharan 31261, Saudi ArabiaCenter of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Automation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaAu-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles film achieved an optimal efficiency of 4.35%, which is about 76% higher than that of 0.0 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm-based cell (2.47%). This increase might be due to the formation of a blocking layer at the ZnO–Sm/Au interface, which inhibits the recombination of electrons. This increase may also be attributed to the addition of rare-earth ions in ZnO to enhance the non-absorbable wavelength region of light via up/down-conversion of near-infrared and ultraviolet radiations to visible emission and reduce the recombination loss of electron in the cell. The efficiency of cells may be increased by the blocking layer and up/down-conversion process and thus promote the overall performance of the cells. This work indicates that Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticle films have the potential to increase the performance of DSSCs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/702Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticlesoptical propertiesdye-sensitized solar cellsI–V measurements
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Muhammad Saleem
Kashif Irshad
Saif Ur Rehman
M. Sufyan Javed
Mohd Abul Hasan
Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Amjad Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
Saiful Islam
spellingShingle Muhammad Saleem
Kashif Irshad
Saif Ur Rehman
M. Sufyan Javed
Mohd Abul Hasan
Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Amjad Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
Saiful Islam
Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
Nanomaterials
Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles
optical properties
dye-sensitized solar cells
I–V measurements
author_facet Muhammad Saleem
Kashif Irshad
Saif Ur Rehman
M. Sufyan Javed
Mohd Abul Hasan
Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Amjad Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
Saiful Islam
author_sort Muhammad Saleem
title Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
title_short Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
title_full Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
title_fullStr Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films
title_sort characteristics and photovoltaic applications of au-doped zno–sm nanoparticle films
publisher MDPI AG
series Nanomaterials
issn 2079-4991
publishDate 2021-03-01
description Au-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles film achieved an optimal efficiency of 4.35%, which is about 76% higher than that of 0.0 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm-based cell (2.47%). This increase might be due to the formation of a blocking layer at the ZnO–Sm/Au interface, which inhibits the recombination of electrons. This increase may also be attributed to the addition of rare-earth ions in ZnO to enhance the non-absorbable wavelength region of light via up/down-conversion of near-infrared and ultraviolet radiations to visible emission and reduce the recombination loss of electron in the cell. The efficiency of cells may be increased by the blocking layer and up/down-conversion process and thus promote the overall performance of the cells. This work indicates that Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticle films have the potential to increase the performance of DSSCs.
topic Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles
optical properties
dye-sensitized solar cells
I–V measurements
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/702
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