The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study

Background and objectives: In this study it was aimed to examine the histological and morphometric effects on cartilage structure of intra-articular application of levobupivacaine to the shoulder joint. Methods: In twenty New Zealand adult male rabbits, 35 shoulders were used for the study and prepa...

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Main Authors: Mustafa Soner Özcan, Mahmut Kalem, Menekşe Özçelik, Ercan Şahin, Sanem Çakar, Nazlı Hayırlı, Oya Evirgen, Feyhan Ökten
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2017-01-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001416000300
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author Mustafa Soner Özcan
Mahmut Kalem
Menekşe Özçelik
Ercan Şahin
Sanem Çakar
Nazlı Hayırlı
Oya Evirgen
Feyhan Ökten
spellingShingle Mustafa Soner Özcan
Mahmut Kalem
Menekşe Özçelik
Ercan Şahin
Sanem Çakar
Nazlı Hayırlı
Oya Evirgen
Feyhan Ökten
The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
author_facet Mustafa Soner Özcan
Mahmut Kalem
Menekşe Özçelik
Ercan Şahin
Sanem Çakar
Nazlı Hayırlı
Oya Evirgen
Feyhan Ökten
author_sort Mustafa Soner Özcan
title The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
title_short The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
title_full The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
title_fullStr The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
title_full_unstemmed The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
title_sort effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental study
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
issn 0104-0014
publishDate 2017-01-01
description Background and objectives: In this study it was aimed to examine the histological and morphometric effects on cartilage structure of intra-articular application of levobupivacaine to the shoulder joint. Methods: In twenty New Zealand adult male rabbits, 35 shoulders were used for the study and prepared in 5 groups of 7. These groups were defined as Groups L1, L2, L3 and L4 which were right shoulders administered with 0.25% and 0.5% levobupivacaine, Group C which were left shoulders as the control group and Groups S1 and S2 which were left shoulders administered with 0.9% saline. On the 2nd and 15th days the animals were killed, the glenohumeral joints were evaluated macroscopically then cartilage samples were taken. These samples were evaluated with Mankin score, and histomorphometrically by measuring the thickness of the cartilage between the superficial cartilage layer and the tidemark and the thickness of calcified cartilage between the tidemark and the subchondral bone. Results: Macroscopically, on the 15th day the joint fluid was seen to have reduced in all the groups. After microscopic evaluation, the highest Mankin score (mean: 3.14 ± 2.1/14) was in the L4 group (15th day 0.5% levobupivacaine) and was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the other groups. Conclusions: Histologically, as the highest Mankin score was in the L4 group, this indicates that in a single intra-articular injection of levobupivacaine a low concentration should be selected. Level of evidence: Level 5, animal study. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivo: Neste estudo o objetivo foi examinar os efeitos histológicos e morfométricos sobre a estrutura da cartilagem da aplicação intra-articular de levobupivacaína em articulação do ombro. Métodos: Trinta e cinco ombros de 20 coelhos New Zealand, machos e adultos, foram usados para o estudo e divididos em cinco grupos de sete. Os grupos foram definidos como L1, L2, L3 e L4, consistindo em ombros direitos nos quais levobupivacaína a 0,25% e 0,5% foi administrada; o Grupo C, consistindo em ombros esquerdos foi o grupo controle; grupos S1 e S2, consistindo em ombros esquerdos receberam solução salina a 0,9%. Os animais foram sacrificados no segundo e no décimo quinto dia; as articulações glenoumerais foram avaliadas macroscopicamente e, em seguida, amostras de cartilagem foram coletadas. As amostras foram avaliadas com o escore de Mankin e, histomorfometricamente, medindo-se a espessura da cartilagem entre a camada superficial e a “linha de maré” (tidemark) e a espessura da cartilagem calcificada entre a tidemark e o osso subcondral. Resultados: Macroscopicamente, observou-se no décimo quinto dia que o líquido articular havia reduzido em todos os grupos. Após a avaliação microscópica, o maior escore de Mankin (média: 3,14 ± 2,1/14) foi observado no grupo L4 (15° dia levobupivacaina a 0,5%), considerado estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,05). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi determinada entre os outros grupos. Conclusões: Histologicamente, como o maior escore de Mankin foi observado no Grupo L4, isso indica que em uma única injeção intra-articular de levobupivacaína, uma concentração baixa deve ser selecionada. Nível de evidência: Nível 5, estudo em animais. Keywords: Glenohumeral joint, Chondrolysis, Levobupivacaine, Palavras-chave: Articulação glenoumeral, Condrólise, Levobupivacaína
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001416000300
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spelling doaj-cb99eff2f6fc46d694e08f9b8b15195a2020-11-24T22:14:40ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Anesthesiology0104-00142017-01-016714249The effect of intra-articular levobupivacaine on shoulder cartilage at different doses—experimental studyMustafa Soner Özcan0Mahmut Kalem1Menekşe Özçelik2Ercan Şahin3Sanem Çakar4Nazlı Hayırlı5Oya Evirgen6Feyhan Ökten7Occupational Diseases Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, TurkeyBülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Zonguldak, Turkey; Corresponding author.Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, TurkeyAnkara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, TurkeyBackground and objectives: In this study it was aimed to examine the histological and morphometric effects on cartilage structure of intra-articular application of levobupivacaine to the shoulder joint. Methods: In twenty New Zealand adult male rabbits, 35 shoulders were used for the study and prepared in 5 groups of 7. These groups were defined as Groups L1, L2, L3 and L4 which were right shoulders administered with 0.25% and 0.5% levobupivacaine, Group C which were left shoulders as the control group and Groups S1 and S2 which were left shoulders administered with 0.9% saline. On the 2nd and 15th days the animals were killed, the glenohumeral joints were evaluated macroscopically then cartilage samples were taken. These samples were evaluated with Mankin score, and histomorphometrically by measuring the thickness of the cartilage between the superficial cartilage layer and the tidemark and the thickness of calcified cartilage between the tidemark and the subchondral bone. Results: Macroscopically, on the 15th day the joint fluid was seen to have reduced in all the groups. After microscopic evaluation, the highest Mankin score (mean: 3.14 ± 2.1/14) was in the L4 group (15th day 0.5% levobupivacaine) and was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the other groups. Conclusions: Histologically, as the highest Mankin score was in the L4 group, this indicates that in a single intra-articular injection of levobupivacaine a low concentration should be selected. Level of evidence: Level 5, animal study. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivo: Neste estudo o objetivo foi examinar os efeitos histológicos e morfométricos sobre a estrutura da cartilagem da aplicação intra-articular de levobupivacaína em articulação do ombro. Métodos: Trinta e cinco ombros de 20 coelhos New Zealand, machos e adultos, foram usados para o estudo e divididos em cinco grupos de sete. Os grupos foram definidos como L1, L2, L3 e L4, consistindo em ombros direitos nos quais levobupivacaína a 0,25% e 0,5% foi administrada; o Grupo C, consistindo em ombros esquerdos foi o grupo controle; grupos S1 e S2, consistindo em ombros esquerdos receberam solução salina a 0,9%. Os animais foram sacrificados no segundo e no décimo quinto dia; as articulações glenoumerais foram avaliadas macroscopicamente e, em seguida, amostras de cartilagem foram coletadas. As amostras foram avaliadas com o escore de Mankin e, histomorfometricamente, medindo-se a espessura da cartilagem entre a camada superficial e a “linha de maré” (tidemark) e a espessura da cartilagem calcificada entre a tidemark e o osso subcondral. Resultados: Macroscopicamente, observou-se no décimo quinto dia que o líquido articular havia reduzido em todos os grupos. Após a avaliação microscópica, o maior escore de Mankin (média: 3,14 ± 2,1/14) foi observado no grupo L4 (15° dia levobupivacaina a 0,5%), considerado estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,05). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi determinada entre os outros grupos. Conclusões: Histologicamente, como o maior escore de Mankin foi observado no Grupo L4, isso indica que em uma única injeção intra-articular de levobupivacaína, uma concentração baixa deve ser selecionada. Nível de evidência: Nível 5, estudo em animais. Keywords: Glenohumeral joint, Chondrolysis, Levobupivacaine, Palavras-chave: Articulação glenoumeral, Condrólise, Levobupivacaínahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001416000300