Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System

The uniformity of ammonia is very crucial for reducing the NO<sub>X</sub> emissions in a selective catalytic reduction system since the uniformity highly affects the chemical reaction between the ammonia and NO<sub>X</sub> emission. However, increasing ammonia uniformity in a...

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Main Authors: Seokhoon Jeong, Hoonmyung Kim, Hyunjun Kim, Ohyun Kwon, Eunyong Park, Jeongho Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/157
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spelling doaj-cb8b85bf8d2848128a7cc8753ede54a32020-12-31T00:03:48ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-12-011415715710.3390/en14010157Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction SystemSeokhoon Jeong0Hoonmyung Kim1Hyunjun Kim2Ohyun Kwon3Eunyong Park4Jeongho Kang5Powertrain Efficiency R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303, Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, KoreaPowertrain Efficiency R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303, Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, KoreaPowertrain Efficiency R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303, Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, KoreaEngin Development Team, Daedong Industrial Co., Ltd., 602, Nongong-ro, Nongong-eub, Dalseong-gun 42981, KoreaTESK R&D Center, 20, Saneopdanji-ro, Eomo-myeon, Gimcheon-si 39536, KoreaPowertrain Efficiency R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303, Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, KoreaThe uniformity of ammonia is very crucial for reducing the NO<sub>X</sub> emissions in a selective catalytic reduction system since the uniformity highly affects the chemical reaction between the ammonia and NO<sub>X</sub> emission. However, increasing ammonia uniformity in a short time period while injecting a urea solution is not a trivial task. Therefore, in this study, the uniformity of various urea injector designs is compared and an optimal design for the urea injector angle and direction is selected. The uniformity index (UI) was calculated using numerical analysis and compared with experimental result to achieve high reliability. The boundary condition of the analysis is extracted from the dominant operating region of the non-road transient cycle (NRTC) to guarantee a realistic analysis result. The design candidates were generated from the combination of three urea injection angles and eight urea injection directions and thoroughly compared to provide an insightful analysis. The conclusion is that injecting urea in the opposite direction to the main stream of exhaust gas increases the kinetic energy and thus the uniformity is highly increased. For example, urea injection in the opposite direction and angle to the mainstream flow could increase the UI to 0.966, which is a 16.7% improvement compared to the same direction and angle injection.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/157design optimizationnumerical analysisselective catalytic reductionuniformity indexurea injector design
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Seokhoon Jeong
Hoonmyung Kim
Hyunjun Kim
Ohyun Kwon
Eunyong Park
Jeongho Kang
spellingShingle Seokhoon Jeong
Hoonmyung Kim
Hyunjun Kim
Ohyun Kwon
Eunyong Park
Jeongho Kang
Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
Energies
design optimization
numerical analysis
selective catalytic reduction
uniformity index
urea injector design
author_facet Seokhoon Jeong
Hoonmyung Kim
Hyunjun Kim
Ohyun Kwon
Eunyong Park
Jeongho Kang
author_sort Seokhoon Jeong
title Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
title_short Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
title_full Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
title_fullStr Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
title_sort optimization of the urea injection angle and direction: maximizing the uniformity index of a selective catalytic reduction system
publisher MDPI AG
series Energies
issn 1996-1073
publishDate 2021-12-01
description The uniformity of ammonia is very crucial for reducing the NO<sub>X</sub> emissions in a selective catalytic reduction system since the uniformity highly affects the chemical reaction between the ammonia and NO<sub>X</sub> emission. However, increasing ammonia uniformity in a short time period while injecting a urea solution is not a trivial task. Therefore, in this study, the uniformity of various urea injector designs is compared and an optimal design for the urea injector angle and direction is selected. The uniformity index (UI) was calculated using numerical analysis and compared with experimental result to achieve high reliability. The boundary condition of the analysis is extracted from the dominant operating region of the non-road transient cycle (NRTC) to guarantee a realistic analysis result. The design candidates were generated from the combination of three urea injection angles and eight urea injection directions and thoroughly compared to provide an insightful analysis. The conclusion is that injecting urea in the opposite direction to the main stream of exhaust gas increases the kinetic energy and thus the uniformity is highly increased. For example, urea injection in the opposite direction and angle to the mainstream flow could increase the UI to 0.966, which is a 16.7% improvement compared to the same direction and angle injection.
topic design optimization
numerical analysis
selective catalytic reduction
uniformity index
urea injector design
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/157
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