Cisplatin-Induced Giant Cells Formation Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Melanoma Cells

• Main Authors: Chien-Hui Weng, Chieh-Shan Wu, Jian-Ching Wu, Mei-Lang Kung, Ming-Hsiu Wu, Ming-Hong Tai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: melanoma; chemoresistance; cisplatin; giant cell; stemness
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7892

Melanoma is notoriously resistant to current cancer therapy. However, the chemoresistance mechanism of melanoma remains unclear. The present study unveiled that chemotherapy drug cisplatin induced the formation of giant cells, which exhibited enlargement in cell diameter and nucleus in mice and human melanoma cells. Giant cells were positive with melanoma maker S100 and cancer stem cell markers including ABCB5 and CD133 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, giant cells retained the mitotic ability with expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and exhibited multiple drug resistance to doxorubicin and actinomycin D. The mitochondria genesis/activities and cellular ATP level were significantly elevated in giant cells, implicating the demand for energy supply. Application of metabolic blockers such as sodium azide or 2-deoxy glucose abolished the cisplatin-induced giant cells formation and expression of cancer stemness markers. The present study unveils a novel chemoresistance mechanism of melanoma cells via size alteration and the anti-neoplastic strategy by targeting giant cells.