Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches
In this study, a combined simulation and experimental approach is utilized to investigate the influence of hatch spacing on the microstructure and as-built quality of 316L stainless steel (SS) samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is empl...
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doaj-ca666d07e8634933841336d291a1f2512020-11-25T01:18:29ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442018-12-011215010.3390/ma12010050ma12010050Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental ApproachesZhichao Dong0Yabo Liu1Weibin Wen2Jingran Ge3Jun Liang4Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, ChinaInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaIn this study, a combined simulation and experimental approach is utilized to investigate the influence of hatch spacing on the microstructure and as-built quality of 316L stainless steel (SS) samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is employed to investigate heat transfer and melt pool during the SLM of 316L SS. The phase transformation and variation of the thermo-physical properties of the materials are considered in this model. The effects of hatch spacing (H) on the temperature field, microstructure and melt pool size, overlap rate, surface quality, and relative density during the SLM of 316L SS are investigated. The simulated results indicate that, as the hatch spacing increases, the depth increases and the width of the melt pool decreases. Meanwhile, with the increase of hatch spacing, the simulated temperature of the subsequent tracks falls below the melting temperature of the first track. Moreover, the microstructures were found to coarsen with the increasing hatch spacing due to the reduced cooling rate. The optimized hatch spacing and overlap rate between adjacent tracks were obtained from numerical simulations. Simulation results illustrate that, when the optimized hatch spacing of 100 μm is adopted, fully dense parts with a smooth surface can be fabricated by SLM, thus experimentally validating the simulation results.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/1/50hatch spacingoverlap rateselective laser meltingstainless steel microstructurerelative density |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhichao Dong Yabo Liu Weibin Wen Jingran Ge Jun Liang |
spellingShingle |
Zhichao Dong Yabo Liu Weibin Wen Jingran Ge Jun Liang Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches Materials hatch spacing overlap rate selective laser melting stainless steel microstructure relative density |
author_facet |
Zhichao Dong Yabo Liu Weibin Wen Jingran Ge Jun Liang |
author_sort |
Zhichao Dong |
title |
Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches |
title_short |
Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches |
title_full |
Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Hatch Spacing on Melt Pool and As-built Quality During Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel: Modeling and Experimental Approaches |
title_sort |
effect of hatch spacing on melt pool and as-built quality during selective laser melting of stainless steel: modeling and experimental approaches |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
In this study, a combined simulation and experimental approach is utilized to investigate the influence of hatch spacing on the microstructure and as-built quality of 316L stainless steel (SS) samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is employed to investigate heat transfer and melt pool during the SLM of 316L SS. The phase transformation and variation of the thermo-physical properties of the materials are considered in this model. The effects of hatch spacing (H) on the temperature field, microstructure and melt pool size, overlap rate, surface quality, and relative density during the SLM of 316L SS are investigated. The simulated results indicate that, as the hatch spacing increases, the depth increases and the width of the melt pool decreases. Meanwhile, with the increase of hatch spacing, the simulated temperature of the subsequent tracks falls below the melting temperature of the first track. Moreover, the microstructures were found to coarsen with the increasing hatch spacing due to the reduced cooling rate. The optimized hatch spacing and overlap rate between adjacent tracks were obtained from numerical simulations. Simulation results illustrate that, when the optimized hatch spacing of 100 μm is adopted, fully dense parts with a smooth surface can be fabricated by SLM, thus experimentally validating the simulation results. |
topic |
hatch spacing overlap rate selective laser melting stainless steel microstructure relative density |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/1/50 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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