Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N2O, CO2, CO, and H2O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)

We present the development and assessment of a new flight system that uses a commercially available continuous-wave, tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometer to measure N2O, CO2, CO, and H2O. When the comme...

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Main Authors:	A. Gvakharia, E. A. Kort, M. L. Smith, S. Conley
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copernicus Publications 2018-11-01
Series:	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Online Access:	https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/11/6059/2018/amt-11-6059-2018.pdf

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spelling	doaj-ca2c48db26e8459dbce2bf69f4e1f9912020-11-24T20:43:04ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482018-11-01116059607410.5194/amt-11-6059-2018Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)A. Gvakharia0E. A. Kort1M. L. Smith2M. L. Smith3S. Conley4Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAClimate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAClimate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAScientific Aviation, Boulder, Colorado, USAScientific Aviation, Boulder, Colorado, USA<p>We present the development and assessment of a new flight system that uses a commercially available continuous-wave, tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometer to measure N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O. When the commercial system is operated in an off-the-shelf manner, we find a clear cabin pressure–altitude dependency for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. The characteristics of this artifact make it difficult to reconcile with conventional calibration methods. We present a novel procedure that extends upon traditional calibration approaches in a high-flow system with high-frequency, short-duration sampling of a known calibration gas of near-ambient concentration. This approach corrects for cabin pressure dependency as well as other sources of drift in the analyzer while maintaining a ∼ 90 % duty cycle for 1 Hz sampling. Assessment and validation of the flight system with both extensive in-flight calibrations and comparisons with other flight-proven sensors demonstrate the validity of this method. In-flight 1<i>σ</i> precision is estimated at 0.05 ppb, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppb, and 10 ppm for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O respectively, and traceability to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards (1<i>σ</i>) is 0.28 ppb, 0.33 ppm, and 1.92 ppb for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. We show the system is capable of precise, accurate 1 Hz airborne observations of N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O and highlight flight data, illustrating the value of this analyzer for studying N<sub>2</sub>O emissions on ∼ 100 km spatial scales.</p>https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/11/6059/2018/amt-11-6059-2018.pdf
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	A. Gvakharia E. A. Kort M. L. Smith M. L. Smith S. Conley
spellingShingle	A. Gvakharia E. A. Kort M. L. Smith M. L. Smith S. Conley Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS) Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
author_facet	A. Gvakharia E. A. Kort M. L. Smith M. L. Smith S. Conley
author_sort	A. Gvakharia
title	Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
title_short	Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
title_full	Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
title_fullStr	Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
title_full_unstemmed	Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
title_sort	testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous n<sub>2</sub>o, co<sub>2</sub>, co, and h<sub>2</sub>o measurements: the frequent calibration high-performance airborne observation system (fchaos)
publisher	Copernicus Publications
series	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
issn	1867-1381 1867-8548
publishDate	2018-11-01
description	<p>We present the development and assessment of a new flight system that uses a commercially available continuous-wave, tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometer to measure N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O. When the commercial system is operated in an off-the-shelf manner, we find a clear cabin pressure–altitude dependency for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. The characteristics of this artifact make it difficult to reconcile with conventional calibration methods. We present a novel procedure that extends upon traditional calibration approaches in a high-flow system with high-frequency, short-duration sampling of a known calibration gas of near-ambient concentration. This approach corrects for cabin pressure dependency as well as other sources of drift in the analyzer while maintaining a ∼ 90 % duty cycle for 1 Hz sampling. Assessment and validation of the flight system with both extensive in-flight calibrations and comparisons with other flight-proven sensors demonstrate the validity of this method. In-flight 1<i>σ</i> precision is estimated at 0.05 ppb, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppb, and 10 ppm for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O respectively, and traceability to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards (1<i>σ</i>) is 0.28 ppb, 0.33 ppm, and 1.92 ppb for N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. We show the system is capable of precise, accurate 1 Hz airborne observations of N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O and highlight flight data, illustrating the value of this analyzer for studying N<sub>2</sub>O emissions on ∼ 100 km spatial scales.</p>
url	https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/11/6059/2018/amt-11-6059-2018.pdf
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Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)

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