The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission

The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission

The plant circadian clock controls a large number of internal processes, including growth and metabolism. Scent emission displays a circadian pattern in many species such as the snapdragon. Here we show that knocking down <i>LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL</i> in <i>Antirrhinum majus</...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marta I. Terry, Fernando Pérez-Sanz, Pedro J. Navarro, Julia Weiss, Marcos Egea-Cortines
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
antirrhinum
aroma
artificial vision
biological rhythm
flower development
growth rate
phenomics
RNA interference
volatile organic compounds
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/8/920
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spelling doaj-ca0c39eca2ae4cab8d8c77aff6693c982020-11-25T02:18:33ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-08-018892010.3390/cells8080920cells8080920The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent EmissionMarta I. Terry0Fernando Pérez-Sanz1Pedro J. Navarro2Julia Weiss3Marcos Egea-Cortines4Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, SpainBiomedical Informatic and Bioinformatic Platform, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (DSIE), Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, SpainGenética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, SpainGenética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, SpainThe plant circadian clock controls a large number of internal processes, including growth and metabolism. Scent emission displays a circadian pattern in many species such as the snapdragon. Here we show that knocking down <i>LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL</i> in <i>Antirrhinum majus</i> affects growth and scent emission. In order to gain an understanding of the growth kinetics, we took a phenomic approach using in-house artificial vision systems, obtaining time-lapse videos. Wild type flowers showed a higher growth speed than knockdown plants. The maximal growth rate was decreased by 22% in plants with lower <i>LHY</i> expression. Floral volatiles were differentially affected as RNAi plants showed advanced emission of compounds synthesized from cinnamic acid and delayed emission of metabolites of benzoic acid. The monoterpenes myrcene and ocimene were delayed, whereas the sesquiterpene farnesene was advanced. Overall, transgenic lines showed an altered volatile emission pattern and displayed a modified scent profile. Our results show that <i>AmLHY</i> plays an important role in the quantitative and qualitative control of floral growth and scent emission.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/8/920antirrhinumaromaartificial visionbiological rhythmflower developmentgrowth ratephenomicsRNA interferencevolatile organic compounds
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Marta I. Terry
Fernando Pérez-Sanz
Pedro J. Navarro
Julia Weiss
Marcos Egea-Cortines
spellingShingle Marta I. Terry
Fernando Pérez-Sanz
Pedro J. Navarro
Julia Weiss
Marcos Egea-Cortines
The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
Cells
antirrhinum
aroma
artificial vision
biological rhythm
flower development
growth rate
phenomics
RNA interference
volatile organic compounds
author_facet Marta I. Terry
Fernando Pérez-Sanz
Pedro J. Navarro
Julia Weiss
Marcos Egea-Cortines
author_sort Marta I. Terry
title The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
title_short The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
title_full The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
title_fullStr The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
title_full_unstemmed The Snapdragon LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Plays A Dual Role in Activating Floral Growth and Scent Emission
title_sort snapdragon late elongated hypocotyl plays a dual role in activating floral growth and scent emission
publisher MDPI AG
series Cells
issn 2073-4409
publishDate 2019-08-01
description The plant circadian clock controls a large number of internal processes, including growth and metabolism. Scent emission displays a circadian pattern in many species such as the snapdragon. Here we show that knocking down <i>LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL</i> in <i>Antirrhinum majus</i> affects growth and scent emission. In order to gain an understanding of the growth kinetics, we took a phenomic approach using in-house artificial vision systems, obtaining time-lapse videos. Wild type flowers showed a higher growth speed than knockdown plants. The maximal growth rate was decreased by 22% in plants with lower <i>LHY</i> expression. Floral volatiles were differentially affected as RNAi plants showed advanced emission of compounds synthesized from cinnamic acid and delayed emission of metabolites of benzoic acid. The monoterpenes myrcene and ocimene were delayed, whereas the sesquiterpene farnesene was advanced. Overall, transgenic lines showed an altered volatile emission pattern and displayed a modified scent profile. Our results show that <i>AmLHY</i> plays an important role in the quantitative and qualitative control of floral growth and scent emission.
topic antirrhinum
aroma
artificial vision
biological rhythm
flower development
growth rate
phenomics
RNA interference
volatile organic compounds
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/8/920
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