Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo

Which factors determine support for the armed forces? What is the effect of agency politicization on confidence? Existing studies, which draw largely from bureaucratically neutral militaries, find that interpersonal trust and demographic variables play significant roles in determining public confide...

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Main Author: John Polga-Hecimovich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Latin American Studies Association 2019-06-01
Series:Latin American Research Review
Online Access:https://larrlasa.org/articles/142
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spelling doaj-c8d651afac98417189a61ae78191c1ac2020-11-25T01:09:25ZengLatin American Studies AssociationLatin American Research Review1542-42782019-06-0154210.25222/larr.142198Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under ChavismoJohn Polga-Hecimovich0United States Naval AcademyWhich factors determine support for the armed forces? What is the effect of agency politicization on confidence? Existing studies, which draw largely from bureaucratically neutral militaries, find that interpersonal trust and demographic variables play significant roles in determining public confidence in the armed forces. I argue that this is different for a politicized agency. A loss of bureaucratic neutrality activates voters’ partisan attachments, inducing individuals to judge the agency on the basis of their ties to the governing party or leader. Using survey data from Venezuela, I show that government evaluation has a salient and bifurcated effect on respondents’ perceptions of their armed forces. Respondents sympathetic to the governing leader are more likely to have a favorable view of the military while those identifying as opposition are more likely to have a negative view. The results suggest that politicization of public agencies may impose an upper limit on public support regardless of institutional performance, undermine their representativeness and legitimacy, and weaken their mandates. Resumen ¿Cuáles factores determinan el apoyo a las fuerzas armadas? ¿Cuál es el efecto de la politización de la institución en la confianza? Los estudios existentes, que se basan mayoritariamente en militares burocráticamente neutrales, hallan que la confianza interpersonal y la demografía desempeñan un papel importante en la determinación de la confianza pública en las fuerzas armadas. Aquí sostengo que esto es diferente para una agencia politizada. Una pérdida de neutralidad burocrática activa los vínculos partidistas de los votantes, induciendo a los individuos a juzgar a la agencia en función de sus vínculos con el gobierno. A través del uso de datos de encuestas públicas en Venezuela, muestro que la evaluación del gobierno tiene un efecto destacado y bifurcado en las percepciones de los ciudadanos sobre sus fuerzas armadas. Los encuestados que simpatizan con el gobierno tienen mayor probabilidad de una percepción favorable de los militares y los opositores tienen mayor probabilidad de una percepción negativa. Los resultados sugieren que la politización de los organismos públicos puede imponer un límite al apoyo público independientemente del desempeño institucional, socavar su representatividad y legitimidad y debilitar sus mandatos.https://larrlasa.org/articles/142
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author John Polga-Hecimovich
spellingShingle John Polga-Hecimovich
Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
Latin American Research Review
author_facet John Polga-Hecimovich
author_sort John Polga-Hecimovich
title Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
title_short Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
title_full Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
title_fullStr Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
title_full_unstemmed Bureaucratic Politicization, Partisan Attachments, and the Limits of Public Agency Legitimacy: The Venezuelan Armed Forces under Chavismo
title_sort bureaucratic politicization, partisan attachments, and the limits of public agency legitimacy: the venezuelan armed forces under chavismo
publisher Latin American Studies Association
series Latin American Research Review
issn 1542-4278
publishDate 2019-06-01
description Which factors determine support for the armed forces? What is the effect of agency politicization on confidence? Existing studies, which draw largely from bureaucratically neutral militaries, find that interpersonal trust and demographic variables play significant roles in determining public confidence in the armed forces. I argue that this is different for a politicized agency. A loss of bureaucratic neutrality activates voters’ partisan attachments, inducing individuals to judge the agency on the basis of their ties to the governing party or leader. Using survey data from Venezuela, I show that government evaluation has a salient and bifurcated effect on respondents’ perceptions of their armed forces. Respondents sympathetic to the governing leader are more likely to have a favorable view of the military while those identifying as opposition are more likely to have a negative view. The results suggest that politicization of public agencies may impose an upper limit on public support regardless of institutional performance, undermine their representativeness and legitimacy, and weaken their mandates. Resumen ¿Cuáles factores determinan el apoyo a las fuerzas armadas? ¿Cuál es el efecto de la politización de la institución en la confianza? Los estudios existentes, que se basan mayoritariamente en militares burocráticamente neutrales, hallan que la confianza interpersonal y la demografía desempeñan un papel importante en la determinación de la confianza pública en las fuerzas armadas. Aquí sostengo que esto es diferente para una agencia politizada. Una pérdida de neutralidad burocrática activa los vínculos partidistas de los votantes, induciendo a los individuos a juzgar a la agencia en función de sus vínculos con el gobierno. A través del uso de datos de encuestas públicas en Venezuela, muestro que la evaluación del gobierno tiene un efecto destacado y bifurcado en las percepciones de los ciudadanos sobre sus fuerzas armadas. Los encuestados que simpatizan con el gobierno tienen mayor probabilidad de una percepción favorable de los militares y los opositores tienen mayor probabilidad de una percepción negativa. Los resultados sugieren que la politización de los organismos públicos puede imponer un límite al apoyo público independientemente del desempeño institucional, socavar su representatividad y legitimidad y debilitar sus mandatos.
url https://larrlasa.org/articles/142
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