| Summary: | Background: In this study, a machine vision–based method was developed for automated in-process light-emitting diode chip mounting lines with position uncertainty. In order to place the tiny light-emitting diode chips on the pattern of a printed circuit board, a highly accurate mounting process is achieved with online feedback of the visual assistance. Methods: The system consists of a charge-coupled device camera, a six-axis robot arm, and a delta robot. The lighting system is a critical point for the in-process machine vision problem. Hence, designing the optimal lighting solution is one of the most difficult parts of a machine vision system, and several lighting techniques and experiments are examined in this study. In order to commence the mounting process, the light-emitting diode chip targets inside the camera field were identified and used to guide the delta robot to the grabbing zone based on the calibrated homography transformation. Efforts have been focused on the field of machine vision–based feature extraction of the chip pins and the holes on the printed circuit board. The correspondence of each other is determined by the position of the chip pins and the printed circuit board circuit pattern. The image acquisition is achieved directly online in real time. The image analysis algorithm must be sufficiently fast to follow the production rate. In order to compensate for the uncertainty of the light-emitting diode chip mounting process, a visual feedback strategy in conjunction with an uncertainty compensation strategy is employed. Results: Finally, the light-emitting diode chip was automatically grabbed and accurately placed at the desired positions. Conclusion: On-line and off-line experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the vision system with respect to detecting and mounting light-emitting diode chips.
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