| Summary: | The intent of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) in patients with traumatic injuries who require nutrition therapy and identify factors associated with ARC. Adult patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit from January 2015 to September 2016 who received enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy and had a 24 h urine collection within 4 to 14 days after injury were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with a serum creatinine concentration > 1.5 mg/dL, required dialysis, or had an incomplete urine collection were excluded. ARC was defined as a measured creatinine clearance > 149 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Two hundred and three patients were evaluated. One hundred and two (50%) exhibited ARC. A greater proportion of patients with ARC were male (86% vs. 67%; <i>p</i> = 0.004), had traumatic brain injury (33% vs. 9%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), a higher injury severity score (30 ± 11 vs. 26 ± 12; <i>p</i> = 0.015), were younger (36 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 17 years; <i>p</i> = 0.001), had a lower serum creatinine concentration (0.7 ± 2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and were more catabolic (nitrogen balance of −10.8 ± 13.0 vs. −6.2 ± 9.2 g/d; <i>p</i> = 0.004). The multivariate analysis revealed African American race and protein intake were also associated with ARC. Half of critically ill patients with traumatic injuries experience ARC. Patients with multiple risk factors for ARC should be closely evaluated for dosing of renally-eliminated electrolytes, nutrients, and medications.
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