Exposure of civil engineers to hazardous and harmful occupational factors and methods of their countering Влияние опасных и вредных производственных факторов на организм инженера-строителя и противодействие им

• Main Author: Bumarskova Natal’ya Nikolaevna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) 2013-07-01
• Series: Vestnik MGSU
• Subjects: efficiency; motor activity; occupational health; harmful production factors; working conditions; adaptation; physical education; adaptive physical activity; работоспособность; двигательная активность; охрана труда; вредные производственные факторы; условия труда; адаптация; физическое воспитание; адаптивная физическая активность
• Online Access: http://vestnikmgsu.ru/files/archive/RUS/issuepage/2013/7/22.pdf
• ISSN: 1997-0935; 2304-6600

Adaptation means accommodation of a living organism to constantly changing conditions external and internal environments. This capacity was developed in the process of the evolutionary development. Absent of this capacity, no human organism can leave normally or adjust to various external factors.In the contemporary research literature, adaptation is associated with different factors, including occupation, climate, social environment, etc. The process of adaptation is complex, and it contemplates different types of adaptation, namely, individual sociopsychological, communicative, and physiological adaptation. It is accompanied by substantial intellectual, mental and physical efforts.The variety of building structures coupled with process-related and organizational methods of their construction require attention to the issues of safety. In the course of life and work (working environment), a person is exposed to various hazards or phenomena, processes, and objects capable of damaging human health under certain conditions. An occupational hazard means an adverse impact on human health in the form of its deterioration or injury under certain conditions.The studies show that the three-shift working activity is the cause of fatigue. Fatigue boosts errors in the sensomotor coordination and deteriorates human health. The daily rhythm of physiological functions is driven by the intensity of the working activity causing changes in the body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Harmful factors, such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide, produce negative impact on the psycho-physiological status of the organism. They are countered by the system of adaptation and rehabilitation as an integral part of the university curriculum. Its objective is to enhance the effectiveness of professional activities, to ensure the optimal functioning of a human body exposed to heavy workloads and adverse external conditions.<br>В процессе трудовой деятельности человек подвергается воздействию различных опасных производственных факторов. Кафедра физического воспитания и спорта способствует психофизическому становлению студентов в течение всего периода обучения по дисциплине «Физическая культура» и адаптации к профессиональной деятельности.