Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin

Abstract Prediction of a precise subsoiling using an analytical model (AM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was conducted to explain cutting forces and the soil profile induced changes by a subsoiler. Although sensors, AMs and DEM exist, there are still cases of soil structure deformation during de...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nelson Richard Makange, Changying Ji, Innocent Nyalala, Idris Idris Sunusi, Samwel Opiyo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2021-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90682-w
id doaj-c813b767df574a4393d4a93e813e68be
record_format Article
spelling doaj-c813b767df574a4393d4a93e813e68be2021-05-30T11:40:39ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-05-0111111210.1038/s41598-021-90682-wPrediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil binNelson Richard Makange0Changying Ji1Innocent Nyalala2Idris Idris Sunusi3Samwel Opiyo4College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityCollege of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityCollege of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityCollege of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityCollege of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityAbstract Prediction of a precise subsoiling using an analytical model (AM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was conducted to explain cutting forces and the soil profile induced changes by a subsoiler. Although sensors, AMs and DEM exist, there are still cases of soil structure deformation during deep tillage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a clear understanding of the deep tillage using prediction models. Experimental data obtained in the soil bin trolley with force sensors were used for verification of the models. Experiments were designed using Taguchi method. In the AM, the modified-McKyes and Willat and Willis equations were used to determine cutting forces and soil furrow profile respectively. Calculations were done using MATLAB software. The elastoplastic behavior of soil was incorporated into the DEM. The DEM predicted results with the best regression of 0.984 $$R^{2}$$ R 2 at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 1.936 while the AM had the lowest $$R^{2}$$ R 2 of 0.957, at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 6.008. All regression results were obtained at p < 0.05. The ANOVA test showed that the p-values for the horizontal and vertical forces were 0.9396 and 0.9696, respectively. The DEM predicted better than the AM. DEM is easy to use and is effective in developing models for precision subsoiling.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90682-w
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Nelson Richard Makange
Changying Ji
Innocent Nyalala
Idris Idris Sunusi
Samwel Opiyo
spellingShingle Nelson Richard Makange
Changying Ji
Innocent Nyalala
Idris Idris Sunusi
Samwel Opiyo
Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
Scientific Reports
author_facet Nelson Richard Makange
Changying Ji
Innocent Nyalala
Idris Idris Sunusi
Samwel Opiyo
author_sort Nelson Richard Makange
title Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
title_short Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
title_full Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
title_fullStr Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
title_sort prediction of precise subsoiling based on analytical method, discrete element simulation and experimental data from soil bin
publisher Nature Publishing Group
series Scientific Reports
issn 2045-2322
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Abstract Prediction of a precise subsoiling using an analytical model (AM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was conducted to explain cutting forces and the soil profile induced changes by a subsoiler. Although sensors, AMs and DEM exist, there are still cases of soil structure deformation during deep tillage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a clear understanding of the deep tillage using prediction models. Experimental data obtained in the soil bin trolley with force sensors were used for verification of the models. Experiments were designed using Taguchi method. In the AM, the modified-McKyes and Willat and Willis equations were used to determine cutting forces and soil furrow profile respectively. Calculations were done using MATLAB software. The elastoplastic behavior of soil was incorporated into the DEM. The DEM predicted results with the best regression of 0.984 $$R^{2}$$ R 2 at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 1.936 while the AM had the lowest $$R^{2}$$ R 2 of 0.957, at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 6.008. All regression results were obtained at p < 0.05. The ANOVA test showed that the p-values for the horizontal and vertical forces were 0.9396 and 0.9696, respectively. The DEM predicted better than the AM. DEM is easy to use and is effective in developing models for precision subsoiling.
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90682-w
work_keys_str_mv AT nelsonrichardmakange predictionofprecisesubsoilingbasedonanalyticalmethoddiscreteelementsimulationandexperimentaldatafromsoilbin
AT changyingji predictionofprecisesubsoilingbasedonanalyticalmethoddiscreteelementsimulationandexperimentaldatafromsoilbin
AT innocentnyalala predictionofprecisesubsoilingbasedonanalyticalmethoddiscreteelementsimulationandexperimentaldatafromsoilbin
AT idrisidrissunusi predictionofprecisesubsoilingbasedonanalyticalmethoddiscreteelementsimulationandexperimentaldatafromsoilbin
AT samwelopiyo predictionofprecisesubsoilingbasedonanalyticalmethoddiscreteelementsimulationandexperimentaldatafromsoilbin
_version_ 1721420082240815104