Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing

Our research focused on the migration law of the total manganese (TMn) during the process of water icing. We utilized two experimental methods: (1) natural icing and (2) simulated icing. While using laboratory simulation, we explored the effects of ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial co...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yan Zhang, Yuanqing Tang, Aixin Yu, Wanli Zhao, Yucan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
TMn
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/8/1626
id doaj-c6747c90a1314fe8a3af09e5917d51da
record_format Article
spelling doaj-c6747c90a1314fe8a3af09e5917d51da2020-11-25T01:57:01ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412019-08-01118162610.3390/w11081626w11081626Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water IcingYan Zhang0Yuanqing Tang1Aixin Yu2Wanli Zhao3Yucan Liu4College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, ChinaOur research focused on the migration law of the total manganese (TMn) during the process of water icing. We utilized two experimental methods: (1) natural icing and (2) simulated icing. While using laboratory simulation, we explored the effects of ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentrations on the migration of TMn in the ice-water system. The distribution coefficient “K” (the ratio of the average concentration of TMn in the ice body to the average concentration of TMn in the under-ice water body) was used to characterize it. The results indicated that TMn continuously migrated from ice to under-ice water during the process of water icing. The concentration of TMn in the ice was the upper layer < middle layer < lower layer, and K decreases as the ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentration increased. We explained the migration of TMn during the process of water icing from the perspective of crystallography. Our research can arouse other researcher’s attention towards the change of TMn concentration in lakes in high latitudes during the icebound period.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/8/1626natural icingsimulated icingmigration lawdistribution coefficient “K”TMn
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Yan Zhang
Yuanqing Tang
Aixin Yu
Wanli Zhao
Yucan Liu
spellingShingle Yan Zhang
Yuanqing Tang
Aixin Yu
Wanli Zhao
Yucan Liu
Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
Water
natural icing
simulated icing
migration law
distribution coefficient “K”
TMn
author_facet Yan Zhang
Yuanqing Tang
Aixin Yu
Wanli Zhao
Yucan Liu
author_sort Yan Zhang
title Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
title_short Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
title_full Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
title_fullStr Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Migration of the Total Manganese during the Process of Water Icing
title_sort research on the migration of the total manganese during the process of water icing
publisher MDPI AG
series Water
issn 2073-4441
publishDate 2019-08-01
description Our research focused on the migration law of the total manganese (TMn) during the process of water icing. We utilized two experimental methods: (1) natural icing and (2) simulated icing. While using laboratory simulation, we explored the effects of ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentrations on the migration of TMn in the ice-water system. The distribution coefficient “K” (the ratio of the average concentration of TMn in the ice body to the average concentration of TMn in the under-ice water body) was used to characterize it. The results indicated that TMn continuously migrated from ice to under-ice water during the process of water icing. The concentration of TMn in the ice was the upper layer < middle layer < lower layer, and K decreases as the ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentration increased. We explained the migration of TMn during the process of water icing from the perspective of crystallography. Our research can arouse other researcher’s attention towards the change of TMn concentration in lakes in high latitudes during the icebound period.
topic natural icing
simulated icing
migration law
distribution coefficient “K”
TMn
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/8/1626
work_keys_str_mv AT yanzhang researchonthemigrationofthetotalmanganeseduringtheprocessofwatericing
AT yuanqingtang researchonthemigrationofthetotalmanganeseduringtheprocessofwatericing
AT aixinyu researchonthemigrationofthetotalmanganeseduringtheprocessofwatericing
AT wanlizhao researchonthemigrationofthetotalmanganeseduringtheprocessofwatericing
AT yucanliu researchonthemigrationofthetotalmanganeseduringtheprocessofwatericing
_version_ 1724976908608733184