| Summary: | Since neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) influence more than 3% of children worldwide, there has been intense investigation to understand the etiology of disorders and develop treatments. Although there are drugs such as aripiprazole, risperidone, and lurasidone, these medications are not cures for the disorders and can only help people feel better or alleviate their symptoms. Thus, it is required to discover therapeutic targets in order to find the ultimate treatments of neurodevelopmental disorders. It is suggested that abnormal neuronal morphology in the neurodevelopment process is a main cause of NDDs, in which the serotonergic system is emerging as playing a crucial role. From this point of view, we noticed the correlation between serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT<sub>7</sub>R) and NDDs including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Rett syndrome (RTT). 5-HT<sub>7</sub>R modulators improved altered behaviors in animal models and also affected neuronal morphology via the 5-HT<sub>7</sub>R/G<sub>12</sub> signaling pathway. Through the investigation of recent studies, it is suggested that 5-HT<sub>7</sub>R could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NDDs.
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