KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK GEMUK DI KOTA BOGOR (NUTRIENT INTAKES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF OBESE KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS IN BOGOR CITY)

• Main Authors: Yunita Diana Sari, Dwi Anggraini Puspitasari
• Format: Article
• Language: Indonesian
• Published: Kementerian Kesehatan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Pusat Teknologi Terapan Kesehatan dan Epidemiologi Klinik 2013-06-01
• Series: Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan
• Online Access: http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/pgm/article/view/3394

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p> <p><em>Overweight </em><em>or </em><em>obesity</em><em> </em><em>is considered as one of the health problems for adults, children and also as earlier as toddler.  Being overweight for children at early age most likely would make them remain the same through their adolescents and adults years.  Overweight in children is caused by several interrelated factors, such as: unhealthy eating pattern as the habit in consuming food with high fats and calories, and lack of physical </em><em>activities</em><em>. </em><em>The objective of this research was t</em><em>o find out the nutrient intake such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol of 4-6 years old children with excess weight</em><em>,</em><em> and </em><em>their </em><em>energy expends in one day. </em><em>The</em><em> research was conducted in three kindergartens at</em><em> </em><em>Bogor city.</em><em> </em><em>The inclusion criteria</em><em>s</em><em> of the samples were 4-6 years old </em><em>students </em><em>with body weight </em><em>according to height</em><em> </em><em>&gt; 2SD. </em><em>Data is collected by </em><em>anthropometry measurement</em><em>, </em><em>1x24 hours</em><em> </em><em>food recall</em><em>,</em><em> and 1x24 hours</em><em> </em><em>activity recall. </em><em>T</em><em>he average weight of the students was 26,85 kg. The average energy</em><em>, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were </em><em>2019 kkal, 229 g, 61 g, 78 g and 457.4 mg</em><em> respectively</em><em>. The </em><em>high intake</em><em> of cholesterol </em><em>was </em><em>acquire</em><em>d from</em><em> </em><em>consumption of </em><em>3</em><em> </em><em>eggs</em><em>/day, </em><em>and </em><em>from </em><em>three times </em><em>consumption</em><em> of full cream</em><em> milk/day at the minimum</em><em>. Total energy expenditure </em><em>wa</em><em>s 1214 kkal/day or </em><em>there were </em><em>805</em><em> </em><em>excess calories/</em><em> </em><em>day. All subjects in this study ha</em><em>d</em><em> physical activity in mild category. The average intake of energy, protein, fat and dietary cholesterol exceed</em><em>ed</em><em> 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowances.</em><em> </em><em>In the long term it w</em><em>ould</em><em> </em><em>lead to an increase of body weight that could eventually lead to </em><em>obesity</em><em>.</em></p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: excess nutrition, nutrient intake, total energy expenditure</em><em> </em></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Kegemukan atau obesitas menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan  bagi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, bahkan sejak usia balita. Jika kegemukan terjadi pada usia dini kemungkinan besar kegemukan akan menetap sampai dewasa. Obesitas pada anak-anak disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, di antaranya  kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat,  dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik. Tujuan dari penelitia adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan kolesterol) pada anak usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan lebih serta pengeluaran energi sehari. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Bogor. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu anak TK usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan/tinggi badan (BB/TB) ≥ 2 SD. Data diperoreh melalui pengukuran <em>antropometri, recall</em> makanan 1x24 jam dan <em>recall</em> aktifitas 1x24 jam. Rata-rata berat badan anak 26,85 kg.  Rata-rata asupan energi sebesar 2019 kkal,  karbohidrat 229 g, protein 61 g, lemak 78 g dan kolesterol 457 mg. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi diperoleh dari konsumsi telur 3 butir sehari dan konsumsi susu <em>full cream</em> minimal 3 kali sehari. <em>Total Energy Expenditure</em> sebesar 1214 kkal/hari atau kelebihan 805 kalori/hari. Aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh semua subyek penelitian berada dalam kategori ringan. Rata-rata asupan energi, protein, lemak dan kolesterol makanan melebihi 100% AKG. Tingginya asupan zat gizi menyebabkan kelebihan energi. Dalam jangka waktu yang lama hal ini akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan berat bedan yang akhirnya bisa menyebabkan anak menjadi obesitas. <strong>[<em>Penel Gizi Makan</em> 2013, 36(1): 44-53]</strong><strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong> : gizi lebih, konsumsi zat gizi, <em>total energy expenditure</em></p>