Research into the use of protective agents in the case of combined radiation and chemical injury

• Main Authors: Andrey I. Nikitin et al., Gennadiy V. Konyukhov, Natalya B. Tarasova, Ramzi N. Nizamov, Nikolay M. Vasilevskiy, Lenar R. Fatterahmanov, Rashid M. Aslanov
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: DiscoverSys 2017-05-01
• Series: Bali Medical Journal
• Subjects: gamma rays, cadmium chloride, combined injury, enterosorbent, anti-radiation therapeutic and prophylactic immunoglobulin, bentonite
• Online Access: https://balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/514

<p>Laboratory and agricultural animals were used to carry out the present study on the specific features of combined injury caused by long-term intake of ecotoxicant cadmium chloride and the exposure of intoxicated animals to gamma rays at half-lethal doses (LD₅₀). The study showed that combined injury in white mice were accompanied by the weakening of their general condition, sluggishness, decreased appetite, diarrhea, adynamy, body weight decrease, falling counts of leukocytes, T- and B- lymphocytes, and protein sulfhydryl groups in parallel with an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and quinoid radiotoxic. Dissection of dead animals revealed the signs of the hemorrhagic syndrome, hyperemia of blood vessels in internal organs, gastroenterocolitis, and hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, as well as pulmonary edema and a swollen spleen. The survival rate of animals subjected to combined radiation and chemical exposure was 10% against 55–60% survival among animals subjected to chemical or radiation exposure alone.<strong></strong></p><p>As radioprotective and antidote agents, antiradiation therapeutic and prophylactic immunoglobulin (TU 9380-073-00008064-98) and bentonite from Biklyansky field deposit (Tatarstan, Russia) were selected which when used in isolation, have radioprotective and sorption effects on the body.<strong></strong></p><p>It was established that a three-dose (after 2, 24, and 48 hours) subcutaneous administration of antiradiation therapeutic and prophylactic immunoglobulin at a dose of 50 mg / kg to animals affected by the two pathological factors, as well as the  introduction of bentonite into their diets at the rate of 2% of the ration weight ensured a survival rate in the range of 80–100% in relation to the 55% and 90% death rates among non-treated animals, by reducing the level of toxicant accumulation in organs and tissues and accelerating toxicant elimination from the body. The mechanism of resistance development in injured and treated animals is implemented through the inhibition of pancytopenia, protection of the immune-hematopoietic  system, correction of the prooxidant system function, as well as the ion-exchange sorption of the toxicant by bentonite.<strong></strong></p>