Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

• Main Authors: K. A. Smemo, J. B. Yavitt
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2011-03-01
• Series: Biogeosciences
• Online Access: http://www.biogeosciences.net/8/779/2011/bg-8-779-2011.pdf

Despite a large body of literature on microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments and saline waters and its importance to the global methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) cycle, until recently little work has addressed the potential occurrence and importance of AOM in non-marine systems. This is particularly true for peatlands, which represent both a massive sink for atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and a significant source of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>. Our knowledge of this process in peatlands is inherently limited by the methods used to study CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in soil and sediment and the assumption that there are no anaerobic sinks for CH<sub>4</sub> in these systems. Studies suggest that AOM is CH<sub>4</sub>-limited and difficult to detect in potential CH<sub>4</sub> production assays against a background of CH<sub>4</sub> production. In situ rates also might be elusive due to background rates of aerobic CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation and the difficulty in separating net and gross process rates. Conclusive evidence for the electron acceptor in this process has not been presented. Nitrate and sulfate are both plausible and favorable electron acceptors, as seen in other systems, but there exist theoretical issues related to the availability of these ions in peatlands and only circumstantial evidence suggests that these pathways are important. Iron cycling is important in many wetland systems, but recent evidence does not support the notion of CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction or a CH<sub>4</sub> oxidizing archaea in consortium with an Fe(III) reducer. Calculations based on published rates demonstrate that AOM might be a significant and underappreciated constraint on the global CH<sub>4</sub> cycle, although much about the process is unknown, in vitro rates may not relate well to in situ rates, and projections based on those rates are fraught with uncertainty. We suggest electron transfer mechanisms, C flow and pathways, and quantifying in situ peatland AOM rates as the highest priority topics for future research.