Cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension secondary to renal arteriovenous malformation: a case report
Abstract Background Heart failure is usually associated with a low-cardiac-output state; however, a minority of these patients are characterized by a high-output cardiac state, described as a cardiac index of > 4 L/minute/m2. Usually such circulation is associated with low systemic vascular resis...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Case Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-021-02764-y |