Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
Industrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online mo...
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doaj-c31943ae93784edf92c15ca45faab3bb2020-11-25T02:20:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-01-0120253310.3390/s20020533s20020533Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal SpeciesJan Viljanen0Kim Kalmankoski1Victor Contreras2Jaakko K. Sarin3Tapio Sorvajärvi4Hanna Kinnunen5Sonja Enestam6Juha Toivonen7Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandInstituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, MexicoPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandValmet Technologies Oy, Lentokentänkatu 11, Post Office Box 109, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandValmet Technologies Oy, Lentokentänkatu 11, Post Office Box 109, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandIndustrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online monitoring of the most problematic diatomic and triatomic species is challenging due to overlapping spectral features. In this work, a selective, all-optical, in situ gas-phase monitoring technique for triatomic molecules containing metallic atoms was developed and demonstrated with detection of PbCl<sub>2</sub>. Sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) enables determination of the triatomic PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration through detection of released Pb atoms after two consecutive photofragmentation processes. Absorption cross-sections of PbCl<sub>2</sub>, PbCl, and Pb were determined experimentally in a laboratory-scale reactor to enable calibration-free quantitative determination of the precursor molecule concentration in an arbitrary environment. Limit of detection for PbCl<sub>2</sub> in the laboratory reactor was determined to be 0.25 ppm. Furthermore, the method was introduced for in situ monitoring of PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration in a 120 MW<sub>th</sub> power plant using demolition wood as its main fuel. In addition to industrial applications, the method can provide information on chemical reaction kinetics of the intermediate species that can be utilized in reaction simulations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/533photofragmentationabsorptionleadkineticscombustion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jan Viljanen Kim Kalmankoski Victor Contreras Jaakko K. Sarin Tapio Sorvajärvi Hanna Kinnunen Sonja Enestam Juha Toivonen |
spellingShingle |
Jan Viljanen Kim Kalmankoski Victor Contreras Jaakko K. Sarin Tapio Sorvajärvi Hanna Kinnunen Sonja Enestam Juha Toivonen Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species Sensors photofragmentation absorption lead kinetics combustion |
author_facet |
Jan Viljanen Kim Kalmankoski Victor Contreras Jaakko K. Sarin Tapio Sorvajärvi Hanna Kinnunen Sonja Enestam Juha Toivonen |
author_sort |
Jan Viljanen |
title |
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species |
title_short |
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species |
title_full |
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species |
title_fullStr |
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species |
title_sort |
sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy for online laser monitoring of triatomic metal species |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Industrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online monitoring of the most problematic diatomic and triatomic species is challenging due to overlapping spectral features. In this work, a selective, all-optical, in situ gas-phase monitoring technique for triatomic molecules containing metallic atoms was developed and demonstrated with detection of PbCl<sub>2</sub>. Sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) enables determination of the triatomic PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration through detection of released Pb atoms after two consecutive photofragmentation processes. Absorption cross-sections of PbCl<sub>2</sub>, PbCl, and Pb were determined experimentally in a laboratory-scale reactor to enable calibration-free quantitative determination of the precursor molecule concentration in an arbitrary environment. Limit of detection for PbCl<sub>2</sub> in the laboratory reactor was determined to be 0.25 ppm. Furthermore, the method was introduced for in situ monitoring of PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration in a 120 MW<sub>th</sub> power plant using demolition wood as its main fuel. In addition to industrial applications, the method can provide information on chemical reaction kinetics of the intermediate species that can be utilized in reaction simulations. |
topic |
photofragmentation absorption lead kinetics combustion |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/533 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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