Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species

Industrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online mo...

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Main Authors: Jan Viljanen, Kim Kalmankoski, Victor Contreras, Jaakko K. Sarin, Tapio Sorvajärvi, Hanna Kinnunen, Sonja Enestam, Juha Toivonen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-01-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/533
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spelling doaj-c31943ae93784edf92c15ca45faab3bb2020-11-25T02:20:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-01-0120253310.3390/s20020533s20020533Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal SpeciesJan Viljanen0Kim Kalmankoski1Victor Contreras2Jaakko K. Sarin3Tapio Sorvajärvi4Hanna Kinnunen5Sonja Enestam6Juha Toivonen7Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandInstituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, MexicoPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandValmet Technologies Oy, Lentokentänkatu 11, Post Office Box 109, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandValmet Technologies Oy, Lentokentänkatu 11, Post Office Box 109, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Post Office Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, FinlandIndustrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online monitoring of the most problematic diatomic and triatomic species is challenging due to overlapping spectral features. In this work, a selective, all-optical, in situ gas-phase monitoring technique for triatomic molecules containing metallic atoms was developed and demonstrated with detection of PbCl<sub>2</sub>. Sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) enables determination of the triatomic PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration through detection of released Pb atoms after two consecutive photofragmentation processes. Absorption cross-sections of PbCl<sub>2</sub>, PbCl, and Pb were determined experimentally in a laboratory-scale reactor to enable calibration-free quantitative determination of the precursor molecule concentration in an arbitrary environment. Limit of detection for PbCl<sub>2</sub> in the laboratory reactor was determined to be 0.25 ppm. Furthermore, the method was introduced for in situ monitoring of PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration in a 120 MW<sub>th</sub> power plant using demolition wood as its main fuel. In addition to industrial applications, the method can provide information on chemical reaction kinetics of the intermediate species that can be utilized in reaction simulations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/533photofragmentationabsorptionleadkineticscombustion
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Jan Viljanen
Kim Kalmankoski
Victor Contreras
Jaakko K. Sarin
Tapio Sorvajärvi
Hanna Kinnunen
Sonja Enestam
Juha Toivonen
spellingShingle Jan Viljanen
Kim Kalmankoski
Victor Contreras
Jaakko K. Sarin
Tapio Sorvajärvi
Hanna Kinnunen
Sonja Enestam
Juha Toivonen
Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
Sensors
photofragmentation
absorption
lead
kinetics
combustion
author_facet Jan Viljanen
Kim Kalmankoski
Victor Contreras
Jaakko K. Sarin
Tapio Sorvajärvi
Hanna Kinnunen
Sonja Enestam
Juha Toivonen
author_sort Jan Viljanen
title Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
title_short Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
title_full Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
title_fullStr Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
title_full_unstemmed Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species
title_sort sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy for online laser monitoring of triatomic metal species
publisher MDPI AG
series Sensors
issn 1424-8220
publishDate 2020-01-01
description Industrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online monitoring of the most problematic diatomic and triatomic species is challenging due to overlapping spectral features. In this work, a selective, all-optical, in situ gas-phase monitoring technique for triatomic molecules containing metallic atoms was developed and demonstrated with detection of PbCl<sub>2</sub>. Sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) enables determination of the triatomic PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration through detection of released Pb atoms after two consecutive photofragmentation processes. Absorption cross-sections of PbCl<sub>2</sub>, PbCl, and Pb were determined experimentally in a laboratory-scale reactor to enable calibration-free quantitative determination of the precursor molecule concentration in an arbitrary environment. Limit of detection for PbCl<sub>2</sub> in the laboratory reactor was determined to be 0.25 ppm. Furthermore, the method was introduced for in situ monitoring of PbCl<sub>2</sub> concentration in a 120 MW<sub>th</sub> power plant using demolition wood as its main fuel. In addition to industrial applications, the method can provide information on chemical reaction kinetics of the intermediate species that can be utilized in reaction simulations.
topic photofragmentation
absorption
lead
kinetics
combustion
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/533
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