Analysis of main factors influencing the emergence of inventions and discoveries in science and technology

• Main Authors: I. S. Potapcev, V. V. Bushueva, N. N. Bushuev
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: MGTU im. N.È. Baumana 2014-01-01
• Series: Nauka i Obrazovanie
• Subjects: premature inventions; simultaneous inventions; discoveries or inventions lag; social order; social assessment result of creativity; duality of creativity; the integrity of the creative personality; domestic and foreign pedagogical practice
• Online Access: http://technomag.edu.ru/jour/article/view/589

<p><strong>Problem relevance.</strong> Now, when analysing the regularities of science and technology development only the general development process of technical or scientific systems is considered, as a rule. The importance in this process of creative activity of the scientist, the inventor, as well as the social conditions is almost not taken into account either. And in this respect it is necessary to analyse the interaction, interrelation of these three factors. The value of the creative person such as the inventor, the scientist is also especially emphasized. The general level of science and technology development, social conditions have an objective nature, a relative independence, and it is difficult to manage them and regulate their development. However, an identity of the scientist, the inventor who has a considerable impact on the science and technology development, is controllable, and so is the object for formation. The article investigates both identities of the home scientist, the researcher and of the international one. This analysis notes that to speak about creativity in general and about the creative person is not constructive. And a process of creativity should be considered in terms of the differentiated approach, that is classification of types of creativity. And precisely this approach is the most efficient reference point to develop forms and methods to activate a creative activity, as well as educational and pedagogical procedures. In this regard the creative person will be also with a certain professional orientation rather than an abstract one. This provision is of importance when dealing with students, in teaching practice.</p><p><strong>Paper purpose.</strong> To analyze an interaction and interrelation of major factors (the general level of science and technology development, social conditions, and the identity of the scientist, the inventor), necessary for emergence of scientific discoveries and technical achievements in various historical eras. Based on the empirical material on the history of science and technology development to show the importance of the scientist, the inventor in science and technology development and mention difficulties in scientific researches of this issue. One of them, in particular, is a lack of theoretical approach to the analysis of this problem, and in this regard a need for the empirical method is reasoned. From the analysis of papers in the field concerned both of domestic, and of foreign authors to show the practical importance to understand the identity of the scientist, the inventor as an organic unity of the common and special features of the creative person i.e. the integrity of the personality. To note that thanks to availability of various talents and features of scientists, inventors there are positive results in any area of human activity. So, each of them has an individual approach to the problem solution. And only a synergy of their efforts can give a new problem solving. In other words, a set of multiple ideas arising in various minds, a heterogeneity of research approaches, an opportunity to see the same problems from the different sides and therefore to correct the potential hidden moments in these or those theories, hypotheses accelerates innovations. Further, to analyse various educational and pedagogical approaches in respect of creativity in domestic and foreign practice. To show that the optimum option is the account and application of the positive moments in various approaches focused on formation and realization of creative opportunities of students.</p><p>A novelty of this work is justification of value and a place of the scientist, the inventor in science and technology development and proof that a creative process, a creative person have to be considered in terms of creativity type classification. Such an approach is of methodological importance for development of activation methods, organization forms of creative activity. There is no analysis of creative process and creative person neither in domestic literature, nor in the foreign one translated into Russian. The value and application of this analysis results is illustrated on a material of foreign and domestic teaching practice. Their distinction of educational procedures in respect of creative abilities of students is emphasized. The attention is drawn to the positive points, which should be used in domestic student teaching while dealing with students.</p><p><strong>Practical importance.</strong> It is shown that the differentiated approach in respect of the analysis of creative activity and the creative person has the practical importance when developing methods for activation and forms of organization of creative activity, as well as a process of the creative person formation. The analysis of features of work with students in domestic and foreign practice oriented to realization of creative abilities allows us to correct activities with students, both within educational process, and out of educational forms.</p>