Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers

The substitution of petroleum-based polymers with naturally derived biopolymers may be a good alternative for the conservation of natural fossil resources and the alleviation of pollution and waste disposal problems. However, in order to be used in a wide range of applications, some biopolymers’ pro...

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Main Authors: Torben Schlebrowski, Zineb Kassab, Mounir El Achaby, Stefan Wehner, Christian B. Fischer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-07-01
Series:C
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/3/51
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spelling doaj-c27d18881cef48109abc59c52a94b3e12020-11-25T02:53:12ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292020-07-016515110.3390/c6030051Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) LayersTorben Schlebrowski0Zineb Kassab1Mounir El Achaby2Stefan Wehner3Christian B. Fischer4Department of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, 56070 Koblenz, GermanyMaterials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, MoroccoMaterials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, MoroccoDepartment of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, 56070 Koblenz, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University Koblenz-Landau, 56070 Koblenz, GermanyThe substitution of petroleum-based polymers with naturally derived biopolymers may be a good alternative for the conservation of natural fossil resources and the alleviation of pollution and waste disposal problems. However, in order to be used in a wide range of applications, some biopolymers’ properties should be enhanced. In this study, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable chitosan (CS) film and CS reinforced with 10 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CN–CS) were coated with amorphous hydrogenated carbon layers (a–C:H) of different thickness. To investigate the effect of the nano-reinforcement on the a–C:H layer applied, mild radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) was used to coat the CS and its CN–CS bio-nanocomposite film. Both the surface characteristics and the chemical composition were analyzed. The surface morphology and wettability were examined by ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements (CA), respectively. Hereby, the relationship between sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratios on a macroscopic scale was also evaluated. For the investigation of the chemical composition, the surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray radiation techniques near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) were used.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/3/51cellulose microfibersbio-nanocomposite filmradio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositionsynchrotron-based analyticssp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratiosubstrate effects
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Torben Schlebrowski
Zineb Kassab
Mounir El Achaby
Stefan Wehner
Christian B. Fischer
spellingShingle Torben Schlebrowski
Zineb Kassab
Mounir El Achaby
Stefan Wehner
Christian B. Fischer
Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
C
cellulose microfibers
bio-nanocomposite film
radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
synchrotron-based analytics
sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratio
substrate effects
author_facet Torben Schlebrowski
Zineb Kassab
Mounir El Achaby
Stefan Wehner
Christian B. Fischer
author_sort Torben Schlebrowski
title Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
title_short Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
title_full Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
title_fullStr Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers
title_sort effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the coating of chitosan nanocomposite film using plasma-mediated deposition of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a–c:h) layers
publisher MDPI AG
series C
issn 2311-5629
publishDate 2020-07-01
description The substitution of petroleum-based polymers with naturally derived biopolymers may be a good alternative for the conservation of natural fossil resources and the alleviation of pollution and waste disposal problems. However, in order to be used in a wide range of applications, some biopolymers’ properties should be enhanced. In this study, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable chitosan (CS) film and CS reinforced with 10 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CN–CS) were coated with amorphous hydrogenated carbon layers (a–C:H) of different thickness. To investigate the effect of the nano-reinforcement on the a–C:H layer applied, mild radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) was used to coat the CS and its CN–CS bio-nanocomposite film. Both the surface characteristics and the chemical composition were analyzed. The surface morphology and wettability were examined by ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements (CA), respectively. Hereby, the relationship between sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratios on a macroscopic scale was also evaluated. For the investigation of the chemical composition, the surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray radiation techniques near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) were used.
topic cellulose microfibers
bio-nanocomposite film
radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
synchrotron-based analytics
sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratio
substrate effects
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/3/51
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