Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution

During neocortical development, excitatory neurons are produced from apical progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from dividing cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). We previously reported that the direct progenies of VZ cells in mice slowly exit the VZ and accumulate just above the VZ (lowe...

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Main Authors: Hidenori eTabata, Tsuyoshi eHachiya, Koh-ichi eNagata, Yasubumi eSakakibara, Kazunori eNakajima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2013.00024/full
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spelling doaj-c258b86d92bb4788b6b09b078b03ef532020-11-24T23:02:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292013-07-01710.3389/fnana.2013.0002449435Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate EvolutionHidenori eTabata0Hidenori eTabata1Tsuyoshi eHachiya2Tsuyoshi eHachiya3Koh-ichi eNagata4Yasubumi eSakakibara5Kazunori eNakajima6School of Medicine, Keio UniversityInstitute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service CenterKeio UniversityIwate Medical UniversityInstitute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service CenterKeio UniversitySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityDuring neocortical development, excitatory neurons are produced from apical progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from dividing cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). We previously reported that the direct progenies of VZ cells in mice slowly exit the VZ and accumulate just above the VZ (lower SVZ) as multipolar migrating neurons, whereas subsequently dividing cells in the SVZ exit the VZ earlier than the former and become widely distributed in the SVZ. These two populations are named the slowly exiting population (SEP) and the rapidly exiting population (REP), respectively. In mice, REP cells include basal progenitors as the major population and are characterized by a long ascending process; their morphology resembles that of basal radial glial cells (bRGs), which have been observed in the inner and outer SVZ in primates. The dramatic increase in the number of bRGs in primates, especially in humans, is thought to underlie the acquisition of a huge cortex during evolution. We previously reported that the REP/SEP production rate in the lateral cortical VZ is higher than that in the dorsomedial VZ in mice. To search for molecules responsible for the higher REP production in the lateral cortical VZ, we conducted microarray analyses and identified genes that were differentially expressed between the lateral and medial VZs in mice. These genes were considered to be among the candidates responsible for the regulation of the REP/SEP production rate. To investigate the selection pressures during primate evolution on these candidate genes, we estimated the synonymous versus non-synonymous base substitution rates. As a result, the negative selection pressures on the Megf11, Dmrt3, and Cntn3 genes were found to be significantly weaker in primates than in non-primates, while those on Jag1, Ntrk2, and Pmp22 were stronger. Candidate molecules responsible for primate cortical expansion through an increase in bRGs may be included among these genes.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2013.00024/fullNeural Stem Cellshuman evolutionNotch signalingselection biassubventricular zone (SVZ)
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Hidenori eTabata
Hidenori eTabata
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Koh-ichi eNagata
Yasubumi eSakakibara
Kazunori eNakajima
spellingShingle Hidenori eTabata
Hidenori eTabata
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Koh-ichi eNagata
Yasubumi eSakakibara
Kazunori eNakajima
Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
Neural Stem Cells
human evolution
Notch signaling
selection bias
subventricular zone (SVZ)
author_facet Hidenori eTabata
Hidenori eTabata
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Tsuyoshi eHachiya
Koh-ichi eNagata
Yasubumi eSakakibara
Kazunori eNakajima
author_sort Hidenori eTabata
title Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
title_short Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
title_full Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
title_fullStr Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
title_full_unstemmed Screening For Candidate Genes Involved In The Production Of Mouse Subventricular Zone Proliferative Cells And An Estimation Of Their Changes In Evolutionary Pressure During Primate Evolution
title_sort screening for candidate genes involved in the production of mouse subventricular zone proliferative cells and an estimation of their changes in evolutionary pressure during primate evolution
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
issn 1662-5129
publishDate 2013-07-01
description During neocortical development, excitatory neurons are produced from apical progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from dividing cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). We previously reported that the direct progenies of VZ cells in mice slowly exit the VZ and accumulate just above the VZ (lower SVZ) as multipolar migrating neurons, whereas subsequently dividing cells in the SVZ exit the VZ earlier than the former and become widely distributed in the SVZ. These two populations are named the slowly exiting population (SEP) and the rapidly exiting population (REP), respectively. In mice, REP cells include basal progenitors as the major population and are characterized by a long ascending process; their morphology resembles that of basal radial glial cells (bRGs), which have been observed in the inner and outer SVZ in primates. The dramatic increase in the number of bRGs in primates, especially in humans, is thought to underlie the acquisition of a huge cortex during evolution. We previously reported that the REP/SEP production rate in the lateral cortical VZ is higher than that in the dorsomedial VZ in mice. To search for molecules responsible for the higher REP production in the lateral cortical VZ, we conducted microarray analyses and identified genes that were differentially expressed between the lateral and medial VZs in mice. These genes were considered to be among the candidates responsible for the regulation of the REP/SEP production rate. To investigate the selection pressures during primate evolution on these candidate genes, we estimated the synonymous versus non-synonymous base substitution rates. As a result, the negative selection pressures on the Megf11, Dmrt3, and Cntn3 genes were found to be significantly weaker in primates than in non-primates, while those on Jag1, Ntrk2, and Pmp22 were stronger. Candidate molecules responsible for primate cortical expansion through an increase in bRGs may be included among these genes.
topic Neural Stem Cells
human evolution
Notch signaling
selection bias
subventricular zone (SVZ)
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2013.00024/full
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