| Summary: | Gianluca Spitaleri,1 Roberto Biffi,2 Massimo Barberis,3 Caterina Fumagalli,3 Francesca Toffalorio,1 Chiara Catania,1 Cristina Noberasco,1 Chiara Lazzari,1 Filippo de Marinis,1 Tommaso De Pas41Division of Chest Medical Oncology, 2Division of Abdominal Surgery, 3Division of Pathology, 4Oncology Unit of Thymic cancer, Rare Tumors and Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyAbstract: The development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is largely driven by mutations in the KIT and PDGFRα genes. Imatinib mesylate is an oral small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor that mainly targets abl, c-KIT, and PDGFRα. Imatinib achieves disease control in approximately 70%–85% of patients with advanced GIST, and the median progression-free survival is 20–24 months. The efficacy of imatinib correlates with tumor kinase mutational status (exon 11 mutations mainly), and some mutations are known to be responsible for primary and secondary imatinib resistance. Beyond these, there are many other mutations that are considered rare and are associated with unknown clinical behavior. In the literature, there are poor and inconsistent data about the inhibitor sensitivity of mutations occurring in the activation-loop domain encoded by exon 17. In this article, we focus on a case of a patient suffering from GIST, harboring an extremely rare KIT activation-loop domain mutation (exon 17 mutation pN822K) treated with imatinib. A review of the literature is also presented. Keywords: GIST, KIT activation-loop domain mutation, drug resistance, imatinib
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