Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and change...

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Main Authors: Amélie I. S. Sobczak, Claudia A. Blindauer, Alan J. Stewart
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2022
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spelling doaj-c0186c25afcc47f3aed3bfb1469f06792020-11-25T01:33:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432019-08-01119202210.3390/nu11092022nu11092022Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 DiabetesAmélie I. S. Sobczak0Claudia A. Blindauer1Alan J. Stewart2School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7EQ, UKSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UKType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and changes to lipid metabolism are likely to contribute. Therefore, establishing the changes in concentrations of specific FFAs in an individual’s plasma is important. Each type of FFA has different effects on physiological processes, including the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling and the composition and properties of cellular membranes. Alterations in such processes due to altered plasma FFA concentrations/profiles can potentially result in the development of insulin resistance and coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates and statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed to subjects with T2DM, are also thought to exert part of their beneficial effects by impacting on plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, it is also interesting to consider their effects on the concentration of FFAs in plasma. Collectively, we review how FFAs are altered in T2DM and explore the likely downstream physiological and pathological implications of such changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2022cardiovascular diseasefibratesfree fatty acidslipidomicsmetabolismstatinstype-2 diabetes mellitus
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Amélie I. S. Sobczak
Claudia A. Blindauer
Alan J. Stewart
spellingShingle Amélie I. S. Sobczak
Claudia A. Blindauer
Alan J. Stewart
Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
Nutrients
cardiovascular disease
fibrates
free fatty acids
lipidomics
metabolism
statins
type-2 diabetes mellitus
author_facet Amélie I. S. Sobczak
Claudia A. Blindauer
Alan J. Stewart
author_sort Amélie I. S. Sobczak
title Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
title_short Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
title_full Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
title_fullStr Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
title_sort changes in plasma free fatty acids associated with type-2 diabetes
publisher MDPI AG
series Nutrients
issn 2072-6643
publishDate 2019-08-01
description Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and changes to lipid metabolism are likely to contribute. Therefore, establishing the changes in concentrations of specific FFAs in an individual’s plasma is important. Each type of FFA has different effects on physiological processes, including the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling and the composition and properties of cellular membranes. Alterations in such processes due to altered plasma FFA concentrations/profiles can potentially result in the development of insulin resistance and coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates and statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed to subjects with T2DM, are also thought to exert part of their beneficial effects by impacting on plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, it is also interesting to consider their effects on the concentration of FFAs in plasma. Collectively, we review how FFAs are altered in T2DM and explore the likely downstream physiological and pathological implications of such changes.
topic cardiovascular disease
fibrates
free fatty acids
lipidomics
metabolism
statins
type-2 diabetes mellitus
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2022
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