Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation

This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjecte...

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Main Authors: Jacinta Collado-González, María Carmen Piñero, Ginés Otálora, Josefa López-Marín, Francisco M. del Amor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/152
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spelling doaj-c0174d76ba5948489aeb78c49c44aaf22021-01-15T00:00:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-01-011015215210.3390/plants10010152Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid PeroxidationJacinta Collado-González0María Carmen Piñero1Ginés Otálora2Josefa López-Marín3Francisco M. del Amor4Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainThis study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/152cauliflower wastecombined stressheat stressnitrogen formsplant nutritionpolyamines
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Jacinta Collado-González
María Carmen Piñero
Ginés Otálora
Josefa López-Marín
Francisco M. del Amor
spellingShingle Jacinta Collado-González
María Carmen Piñero
Ginés Otálora
Josefa López-Marín
Francisco M. del Amor
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
Plants
cauliflower waste
combined stress
heat stress
nitrogen forms
plant nutrition
polyamines
author_facet Jacinta Collado-González
María Carmen Piñero
Ginés Otálora
Josefa López-Marín
Francisco M. del Amor
author_sort Jacinta Collado-González
title Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
title_short Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
title_full Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
title_fullStr Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
title_sort effects of different nitrogen forms and exogenous application of putrescine on heat stress of cauliflower: photosynthetic gas exchange, mineral concentration and lipid peroxidation
publisher MDPI AG
series Plants
issn 2223-7747
publishDate 2021-01-01
description This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable.
topic cauliflower waste
combined stress
heat stress
nitrogen forms
plant nutrition
polyamines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/152
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