Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation
This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjecte...
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doaj-c0174d76ba5948489aeb78c49c44aaf22021-01-15T00:00:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-01-011015215210.3390/plants10010152Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid PeroxidationJacinta Collado-González0María Carmen Piñero1Ginés Otálora2Josefa López-Marín3Francisco M. del Amor4Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, SpainThis study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/152cauliflower wastecombined stressheat stressnitrogen formsplant nutritionpolyamines |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jacinta Collado-González María Carmen Piñero Ginés Otálora Josefa López-Marín Francisco M. del Amor |
spellingShingle |
Jacinta Collado-González María Carmen Piñero Ginés Otálora Josefa López-Marín Francisco M. del Amor Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation Plants cauliflower waste combined stress heat stress nitrogen forms plant nutrition polyamines |
author_facet |
Jacinta Collado-González María Carmen Piñero Ginés Otálora Josefa López-Marín Francisco M. del Amor |
author_sort |
Jacinta Collado-González |
title |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation |
title_short |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation |
title_full |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation |
title_sort |
effects of different nitrogen forms and exogenous application of putrescine on heat stress of cauliflower: photosynthetic gas exchange, mineral concentration and lipid peroxidation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained. Particularly, the decrease in content of calcium, chloride and sulphate in plants under heat stress is ameliorated by the ammonium effect. Additionally, it is important to highlight that cauliflower waste contains a higher content of mineral nutrients than floret cauliflower. These effects were more marked in young leaves. Furthermore, a synergistic effect for coping with heat stress between the polyamine and the nutritional treatment was observed. For this, both the application of putrescine and the feeding of plants with a 50:50 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio before heat stress is proposed for the first time as an agricultural practice for increasing the thermotolerance of cauliflower cv Moonshine. On the other hand, due to the lower lipid peroxidation rate obtained in cauliflower leaves, these plants could be used for health purposes as ointments or other nutraceutical products, making the cultivation of this kind of cruciferous more sustainable. |
topic |
cauliflower waste combined stress heat stress nitrogen forms plant nutrition polyamines |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/152 |
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