| Summary: | This study aimed to establish a pure single-cell <i>Theileria annulata</i>-infected B cell line for the assessment of cytokine production in transformed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Several studies have aimed to identify cell surface markers in <i>T. annulata</i>-transformed cells; however, no information on cytokine production in these cells is available. To investigate the potential of the transformed cells to produce cytokines and their potential responses to antigen-stimulation, we purified mature B cells (CD21) from the whole blood of cattle experimentally infected with the <i>T. annulata</i> Kashi strain by magnetic separation. The purity and specificity of the established cell line was assessed by the identification of specific cell surface markers (CD21, IgM, and WC4) by flow cytometry analysis. The transcript levels of the cytokines IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL16, LTA, TGFB1, TNFA, IFNA, and IFNB in transformed, buparvaquone (BW720c)-treated cells, and antigen-stimulated cells were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using cDNA from these cells. A <i>T. annulata</i>-infected bovine B cell line was successfully established with a purity of ~98.8% (CD21). IL4 and IL12A were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) upregulated in the transformed cells. In BW720c-treated transformed cells, IL12B, TGFB1, and IFNB were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) upregulated. Notably, no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) upregulation of cytokines was observed in LPS-stimulated transformed cells. Moreover, IL1A, IL1B, IL8, and IL16 were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) upregulated in LPS-stimulated B cells. Our data signify the potential use of this cell line for cytokine production, observance of immunoglobulins, and production of an attenuated vaccine against tropical theileriosis.
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