| Summary: | Background: Cloxacillin has been associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence of this complication in the literature is low (2.5–3.5%) and probably underestimated, since most studies were done by selecting the presence of AKI in discharge codes. Objectives: The primary goal was to define the incidence of AKI in patients with a methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection treated with cloxacillin based antibiotic regimens. The secondary goals were to identify the risk factors associated with this complication and to describe the characteristics of AKI. Patients and methods: We carried out a retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were adult patients hospitalized in a medical department at the Le Mans Hospital between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2019 with a diagnosis of methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection treated with cloxacillin. Results: One hundred twenty-three patients were included in the study. Forty-two patients (34.2%) developed AKI. In the multivariate analysis, age, the use of diuretics and the presence of endocarditis were independently associated with AKI. Age was associated with an OR of 4.38 (<i>p</i> = 0.002) for patients older than 75, being treated with diuretics was associated with an OR of 2.94 (<i>p</i> = 0.036) for loop diuretics and an OR of 3.05 (<i>p</i> = 0.027) for non-loop diuretics; type of infection was associated with an OR of 3.42 (<i>p</i> = 0.012) for endocarditis. Conclusions: The occurrence of AKI is frequent during cloxacillin based antibiotic regimens for methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections. Being older than 75, being treated with diuretics and the presence of endocarditis were the main risk factors for AKI in our population.
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