Enhanced Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Productivity from <i>Streptomyces</i> SUK 25: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism and Techno-Economic Analysis

• Main Authors: Muhanna Mohammed Al-Shaibani, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Noraziah Mohamad Zin, Adel Al-Gheethi, Mohammed Al-Sahari, Hesham Ali El Enshasy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: pharmaceutical active compounds; fermentation; optimization; <i>Streptomyces</i> SUK 25; response surface methodology; techno-economic analysis
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2510

The present research aimed to enhance the pharmaceutically active compounds’ (PhACs’) productivity from <i>Streptomyces</i> SUK 25 in submerged fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization. Besides, the characteristics and mechanism of PhACs against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were determined. Further, the techno-economic analysis of PhACs production was estimated. The independent factors include the following: incubation time, pH, temperature, shaker rotation speed, the concentration of glucose, mannitol, and asparagine, although the responses were the dry weight of crude extracts, minimum inhibitory concentration, and inhibition zone and were determined by RSM. The PhACs were characterized using GC-MS and FTIR, while the mechanism of action was determined using gene ontology extracted from DNA microarray data. The results revealed that the best operating parameters for the dry mass crude extracts production were 8.20 mg/L, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value was 8.00 µg/mL, and an inhibition zone of 17.60 mm was determined after 12 days, pH 7, temperature 28 °C, shaker rotation speed 120 rpm, 1 g glucose /L, 3 g mannitol/L, and 0.5 g asparagine/L with R² coefficient value of 0.70. The GC-MS and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of 21 PhACs, and several functional groups were detected. The gene ontology revealed that 485 genes were upregulated and nine genes were downregulated. The specific and annual operation cost of the production of PhACs was U.S. Dollar (U.S.D) 48.61 per 100 mg compared to U.S.D 164.3/100 mg of the market price, indicating that it is economically cheaper than that at the market price.