Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil

The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian...

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Main Authors: Eduardo Andrade Bressan, Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges, Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro, Edson Ferreira da Silva, Rodrigo Gazaffi, Regina Tomoko Shirasuna, Vinícius Abreu, Rafael V. Popin, Antonio Figueira, Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00598/full
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language English
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author Eduardo Andrade Bressan
Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho
Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges
Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro
Edson Ferreira da Silva
Rodrigo Gazaffi
Regina Tomoko Shirasuna
Vinícius Abreu
Rafael V. Popin
Antonio Figueira
Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira
spellingShingle Eduardo Andrade Bressan
Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho
Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges
Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro
Edson Ferreira da Silva
Rodrigo Gazaffi
Regina Tomoko Shirasuna
Vinícius Abreu
Rafael V. Popin
Antonio Figueira
Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira
Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
interspecific hybrids
natural hybridization
Saccharum asperum
Saccharum angustifolium
Saccharum villosum
Saccharum × officinarum
author_facet Eduardo Andrade Bressan
Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho
Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges
Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro
Edson Ferreira da Silva
Rodrigo Gazaffi
Regina Tomoko Shirasuna
Vinícius Abreu
Rafael V. Popin
Antonio Figueira
Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira
author_sort Eduardo Andrade Bressan
title Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
title_short Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
title_full Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
title_fullStr Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil
title_sort assessment of gene flow to wild relatives and nutritional composition of sugarcane in brazil
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
issn 2296-4185
publishDate 2020-06-01
description The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among Saccharum species. The so-called “Saccharum broad sense” group includes around 40 species from a few genera, including Erianthus, found in various tropical regions, particularly South-Eastern Asia. In Brazil, three native species, originally considered to belong to Erianthus, were reclassified as S. angustifolium (Nees) Trin., S. asperum (Nees) Steud., and S. villosum Steud., based on inflorescence morphology. Thus, we have investigated the potential occurrence of gene flow among the Brazilian Saccharum native species and commercial hybrids as a requisite for GMO commercial release. A comprehensive survey was carried out to map the occurrence of the three native Saccharum species in Brazil, concluding that they are sympatric with sugarcane cultivation only from around 14°S southwards, which precludes most Northeastern sugarcane-producing states from undergoing introgression. Based on phenology, we concluded that the Brazilian Saccharum species are unable to outcross naturally with commercial sugarcane since the overlap between the flowering periods of sugarcane and the native species is limited. A phylogenomic reconstruction based on the full plastid genome sequence showed that the three native Saccharum species are the taxa closest to sugarcane in Brazil, being closer than introduced Erianthus or Miscanthus. A 2-year study on eight nutritional composition traits of the 20 main sugarcane cultivars cultivated in Brazil was carried out in six environments. The minimum and maximum values obtained were, in percent: moisture (62.6–82.5); sucrose (9.65–21.76); crude fiber (8.06–21.03); FDN (7.20–20.68); FDA (4.55–16.90); lipids (0.06–1.59); ash (0.08–2.67); and crude protein (0.18–1.18). Besides a considerable amount of genetic variation and plastic responses, many instances of genotype-by-environment interaction were detected.
topic interspecific hybrids
natural hybridization
Saccharum asperum
Saccharum angustifolium
Saccharum villosum
Saccharum × officinarum
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00598/full
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spelling doaj-be508b7309d84236a9fc93c3957082e82020-11-25T03:15:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852020-06-01810.3389/fbioe.2020.00598532373Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in BrazilEduardo Andrade Bressan0Igor Araújo Santos de Carvalho1Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges2Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro3Edson Ferreira da Silva4Rodrigo Gazaffi5Regina Tomoko Shirasuna6Vinícius Abreu7Rafael V. Popin8Antonio Figueira9Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira10Evolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, “Luiz de Queiroz” Agricultural College, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilEvolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, “Luiz de Queiroz” Agricultural College, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilTechnological Analysis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomics, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, BrazilPlant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Vegetal and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, BrazilPlant Breeding Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, BrazilDepartment of Biotechnology, Vegetal and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, BrazilHerbarium Curatorship Research Nucleus, Vascular Plants Research Center, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilLaboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilPlant Breeding Laboratory, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilEvolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, “Luiz de Queiroz” Agricultural College, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, BrazilThe commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among Saccharum species. The so-called “Saccharum broad sense” group includes around 40 species from a few genera, including Erianthus, found in various tropical regions, particularly South-Eastern Asia. In Brazil, three native species, originally considered to belong to Erianthus, were reclassified as S. angustifolium (Nees) Trin., S. asperum (Nees) Steud., and S. villosum Steud., based on inflorescence morphology. Thus, we have investigated the potential occurrence of gene flow among the Brazilian Saccharum native species and commercial hybrids as a requisite for GMO commercial release. A comprehensive survey was carried out to map the occurrence of the three native Saccharum species in Brazil, concluding that they are sympatric with sugarcane cultivation only from around 14°S southwards, which precludes most Northeastern sugarcane-producing states from undergoing introgression. Based on phenology, we concluded that the Brazilian Saccharum species are unable to outcross naturally with commercial sugarcane since the overlap between the flowering periods of sugarcane and the native species is limited. A phylogenomic reconstruction based on the full plastid genome sequence showed that the three native Saccharum species are the taxa closest to sugarcane in Brazil, being closer than introduced Erianthus or Miscanthus. A 2-year study on eight nutritional composition traits of the 20 main sugarcane cultivars cultivated in Brazil was carried out in six environments. The minimum and maximum values obtained were, in percent: moisture (62.6–82.5); sucrose (9.65–21.76); crude fiber (8.06–21.03); FDN (7.20–20.68); FDA (4.55–16.90); lipids (0.06–1.59); ash (0.08–2.67); and crude protein (0.18–1.18). Besides a considerable amount of genetic variation and plastic responses, many instances of genotype-by-environment interaction were detected.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00598/fullinterspecific hybridsnatural hybridizationSaccharum asperumSaccharum angustifoliumSaccharum villosumSaccharum × officinarum