CKD-EPI versus Cockcroft-Gault formula for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients without significant renal impairment

Introduction: Individuals with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) frequently develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study aimed to assess whether individuals with significant...

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Main Authors: Mário B.G. Nunes, Antônio C. Filho, Valéria R.C. Alvares, Rafael Meneguz-Moreno, Edgar Lamas, Vitor Loures, Daniel Chamié, Alexandre Abizaid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2018-01-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204918300011
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Summary:Introduction: Individuals with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) frequently develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study aimed to assess whether individuals with significant renal impairment assessed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula, but not by CG, more often develop CIN following PCI than those without renal impairment by either formula. Methods: In this cross-sectional study analyzing patients with baseline CG GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 before PCI, subjects were divided into two groups according to CIN occurrence. Baseline CKD-EPI GFR was calculated for all patients. Results: We analyzed 140 patients. Baseline GFR was 87.5±21.3 and 77.1±15.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 for CG and CKD-EPI, respectively. CIN occurred in 84.6% of individuals with baseline CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 51.1% of those without. Males and those with higher body mass index were more likely to present baseline CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.021). Non-ionic contrast agent use and baseline CKD-EPI GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were protective factors against CIN. Greater amounts of contrast agent and acute coronary syndrome were associated with higher CIN risk. In subjects with serum creatinine <1.0 mg/dl, GFR was more likely to be overestimated by CG, but not by CKD-EPI (sensitivity 100.0%; specificity 52.0%). Conclusion: In patients undergoing PCI without renal dysfunction by CG, a finding of CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was associated with a higher probability of CIN, especially among men and those with higher body mass index. Resumo: Introdução: Nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em pacientes com taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) ≥60 mL/min, estimada pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault (C-G), não é infrequente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a capacidade da equação CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) em predizer NIC em indivíduos sem disfunção renal significativa basal pela fórmula C-G. Métodos: Incluídos pacientes submetidos a ICP entre 2008-2013, com TFG basal ≥60 mL/min pela equação de C-G. Estes indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos, conforme ocorrência ou não de NIC. Para todos os casos, foi calculada a TFG basal conforme a equação do CKD-EPI. Resultados: A amostra consistiu de 140 pacientes. A TFG C-G basal foi de 87,5±21,3 mL/min e de 77,1±15,0 mL/min/1,73 m2 para CKD-EPI. NIC ocorreu em 84,6% dos pacientes com TFG CKD-EPI basal <60 mL/min/1,73 m2, contra 51,1% daqueles com TFG CKD-EPI basal ≥60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (p=0,021). Indivíduos masculinos ou com peso corporal elevado apresentaram mais frequentemente TFG CKD-EPI basal <60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Contraste não-iônico e TFG CKD-EPI basal ≥60 mL/min/1,73 m2 foram fatores protetores à ocorrência de NIC. Em indivíduos com creatinina <1,0 mg/dL, o achado de TFG superestimada por C-G, mas não pelo CKD-EPI, foi mais frequente (sensibilidade de 100,0%; especificidade de 52,0%). Conclusões: Em pacientes sem disfunção renal por C-G, submetidos a ICP, o achado de TFG CKD-EPI <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 implicou em maior chance de NIC, principalmente entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e de maior massa corpórea. Keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Glomerular filtration rate, Contrast media, Palavras-chave: Intervenção coronária percutânea, Taxa de filtração glomerular, Meios de contraste
ISSN:2174-2049