Analysis of water distribution network under pressure-deficient conditions through emitter setting
<p>Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) of water distribution networks necessitates an assessment of the supplying capacity of a network within the minimum and required pressure ranges. Pressure-deficient conditions happen due to the uncertainty of nodal demands, failure of electromechanical compone...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Drinking Water Engineering and Science |
| Online Access: | https://www.drink-water-eng-sci.net/12/1/2019/dwes-12-1-2019.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) of water distribution networks necessitates
an assessment of the supplying capacity of a network within the minimum and required
pressure ranges. Pressure-deficient conditions happen due to the uncertainty
of nodal demands, failure of electromechanical components, diversion of
water, aging of pipes, permanent increase in the demand at certain supply
nodes, fire demand, etc. As the demand-driven analysis (DDA) solves the
governing equations without any bound on pressure head, it fails to replicate
the real scenario, particularly when the network experiences pressure-deficient situations. Numerous researchers formulated different
head–discharge relations and used them iteratively with demand-driven
software, while some other approaches solve them by incorporating this
relation within the analysis algorithms. Several attempts have been made by
adding fictitious network elements like reservoirs, check valves (CVs), flow
control valves (FCVs), emitters, dummy nodes and pipes of negligible length (i.e.,
negligible pressure loss) to assess the supplying capability of a network
under pressure-deficient conditions using demand-driven simulation software.
This paper illustrates a simple way of assessing the supplying capacity of
demand nodes (DNs) under pressure-deficient conditions by assigning the respective
emitter coefficient only for those nodes facing a pressure-deficit condition.
The proposed method is tested with three benchmark networks, and it is able
to simulate the network without addition of any fictitious network elements
or changing the source code of the software like EPANET. Though the proposed
approach is an iterative one, the computational burden of adding artificial
elements in the other methods is avoided and is hence useful for analyzing large
networks.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1996-9457 1996-9465 |