Pedunculopontine arousal system physiology – Implications for insomnia

• Main Authors: Edgar Garcia-Rill, Brennon Luster, Susan Mahaffey, Veronica Bisagno, Francisco J. Urbano
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazilian Association of Sleep and Latin American Federation of Sleep Societies 2015-04-01
• Series: Sleep Science
• Subjects: Calcium channels; Gamma band activity; Neuronal calcium sensor protein; N-type calcium channel; P/Q-type calcium channel
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S198400631500036X
• ISSN: 1984-0063

We consider insomnia a disorder of waking rather than a disorder of sleep. This review examines the role of the reticular activating system, especially the pedunculopontine nucleus, in the symptoms of insomnia, mainly representing an overactive waking drive. We determined that high frequency activity during waking and REM sleep is controlled by two different intracellular pathways and channel types in PPN cells. We found three different PPN cell types that have one or both channels and may be active during waking only, REM sleep only, or both. These discoveries point to a specific mechanism and novel therapeutic avenues for insomnia.