Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A Regional Population-Based Study

• Main Authors: Marine Baillat, Vanessa Pauly, Gina Dagau, Julie Berbis, Farid Boubred, Laurence Fayol
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Nutrients
• Subjects: premature infant; nutrition; growth; moderately preterm; extrauterine growth restriction; energy
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/227

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of first-week nutrition intake on neonatal growth in moderate preterm (MP) infants. Data on neonatal morbidity and nutrition intake on day of life 7 (DoL7) were prospectively collected from 735 MP infants (32^0/7–34^6/7 weeks gestational age (GA)). Multivariable regression was used to assess the factors associated with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) defined as a decrease of more than 1 standard deviation (<i>SD</i>) in the weight <i>z</i>-score during hospitalization. Mean (<i>SD</i>) gestational age and birth weight were 33.2 (0.8) weeks and 2005 (369) g. The mean change in the weight <i>z</i>-score during hospitalization was −0.64 <i>SD</i>. A total of 138 infants (18.8%) had EUGR. Compared to adequate growth infants, EUGR infants received 15% and 35% lower total energy and protein intake respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001) at DoL7. At DoL7, each increase of 10 kcal/kg/d and 1 g/kg/d of protein was associated with reduced odds of EUGR with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66–0.82; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and 0.54 (0.44–0.67; <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. Insufficient energy and protein intakes on DoL7 negatively affected neonatal growth of MP infants. Nutritional support should be optimized from birth onwards to improve neonatal weight growth.