| Summary: | Histone acetylation is a dynamic modification process co-regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although HDACs play vital roles in abiotic or biotic stress responses, their members in <i>Triticum</i><i>aestivum</i> and their response to plant viruses remain unknown. Here, we identified and characterized 49 <i>T. aestivum</i><i>HDACs (TaHDACs)</i> at the whole-genome level. Based on phylogenetic analyses, <i>TaHDACs</i> could be divided into 5 clades, and their protein spatial structure was integral and conserved. Chromosomal location and synteny analyses showed that <i>TaHDACs</i> were widely distributed on wheat chromosomes, and gene duplication has accelerated the <i>TaHDAC</i> gene family evolution. The cis-acting element analysis indicated that <i>TaHDACs</i> were involved in hormone response, light response, abiotic stress, growth, and development. Heatmaps analysis of RNA-sequencing data showed that <i>TaHDAC</i> genes were involved in biotic or abiotic stress response. Selected <i>TaHDACs</i> were differentially expressed in diverse tissues or under varying temperature conditions. All selected <i>TaHDACs</i> were significantly upregulated following infection with the <i>barley stripe mosaic virus</i> (BSMV), <i>Chinese wheat mosaic virus</i> (CWMV), and <i>wheat yellow mosaic virus</i> (WYMV), suggesting their involvement in response to viral infections. Furthermore, <i>TaSRT1</i>-silenced contributed to increasing wheat resistance against CWMV infection. In summary, these findings could help deepen the understanding of the structure and characteristics of the <i>HDAC</i> gene family in wheat and lay the foundation for exploring the function of <i>TaHDACs</i> in plants resistant to viral infections.
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