Reactions in the Radiosensitizer Misonidazole Induced by Low-Energy (0–10 eV) Electrons

• Main Authors: Rebecca Meißner, Linda Feketeová, Eugen Illenberger, Stephan Denifl
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-07-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: electron attachment; misonidazole; radiosensitizer; mass spectrometry; fragmentation; nitroimidazoles; reduction
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/14/3496

Misonidazole (MISO) was considered as radiosensitizer for the treatment of hypoxic tumors. A prerequisite for entering a hypoxic cell is reduction of the drug, which may occur in the early physical-chemical stage of radiation damage. Here we study electron attachment to MISO and find that it very effectively captures low energy electrons to form the non-decomposed molecular anion. This associative attachment (AA) process is exclusively operative within a very narrow resonance right at threshold (zero electron energy). In addition, a variety of negatively charged fragments are observed in the electron energy range 0−10 eV arising from dissociative electron attachment (DEA) processes. The observed DEA reactions include single bond cleavages (formation of NO₂^−), multiple bond cleavages (excision of CN^−) as well as complex reactions associated with rearrangement in the transitory anion and formation of new molecules (loss of a neutral H₂O unit). While any of these AA and DEA processes represent a reduction of the MISO molecule, the radicals formed in the course of the DEA reactions may play an important role in the action of MISO as radiosensitizer inside the hypoxic cell. The present results may thus reveal details of the molecular description of the action of MISO in hypoxic cells.