Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios
In this article, a review of the achieved accuracy in the literature for ray tracing (RT) based channel modeling is presented with a focus on outdoor propagation scenarios in the sub-6 GHz frequency range. The achieved accuracy is analyzed from three perspectives: 1) The input parameters which inclu...
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doaj-bb0ea8f32db54f4da5bc3698040fdbc02021-03-29T18:55:42ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312021-01-012223710.1109/OJAP.2020.30419539277601Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment ScenariosAllan Wainaina Mbugua0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-1643Yun Chen1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-1434Leszek Raschkowski2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8837-4829Lars Thiele3Stephan Jaeckel4Wei Fan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4485Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Munich Research Center, Munich, GermanyHuawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Munich Research Center, Munich, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, GermanyAntennas, Propagation and Millimetre-Wave Systems Section, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkIn this article, a review of the achieved accuracy in the literature for ray tracing (RT) based channel modeling is presented with a focus on outdoor propagation scenarios in the sub-6 GHz frequency range. The achieved accuracy is analyzed from three perspectives: 1) The input parameters which include the environmental description in the form of digital maps and the corresponding constitutive material parameters; 2) from the interaction mechanisms perspective and 3) from the output perspective where the achieved accuracy of predicted path loss is reviewed. Uniform assignment of materials to the entire propagation scenario is observed in most of the works in the literature which is attributed to the composite nature of common building materials and the difficulty of characterizing all material properties especially for outdoor scenarios. The digital maps are shown to introduce a certain degree of uncertainty in the RT predictions as most common sources of the maps hardly publish the accuracy. Notwithstanding, the prediction of path loss in most RT tools is observed to be rather robust against the inaccuracies in the input parameters with most RT tools achieving a prediction accuracy with a mean error below 4 dB and a standard deviation (STD) below 8 dB.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9277601/Constitutive material parametersdigital mapsradio channel modelingray tracingsub-6 GHz |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Allan Wainaina Mbugua Yun Chen Leszek Raschkowski Lars Thiele Stephan Jaeckel Wei Fan |
spellingShingle |
Allan Wainaina Mbugua Yun Chen Leszek Raschkowski Lars Thiele Stephan Jaeckel Wei Fan Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Constitutive material parameters digital maps radio channel modeling ray tracing sub-6 GHz |
author_facet |
Allan Wainaina Mbugua Yun Chen Leszek Raschkowski Lars Thiele Stephan Jaeckel Wei Fan |
author_sort |
Allan Wainaina Mbugua |
title |
Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios |
title_short |
Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios |
title_full |
Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios |
title_fullStr |
Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios |
title_full_unstemmed |
Review on Ray Tracing Channel Simulation Accuracy in Sub-6 GHz Outdoor Deployment Scenarios |
title_sort |
review on ray tracing channel simulation accuracy in sub-6 ghz outdoor deployment scenarios |
publisher |
IEEE |
series |
IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
issn |
2637-6431 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
In this article, a review of the achieved accuracy in the literature for ray tracing (RT) based channel modeling is presented with a focus on outdoor propagation scenarios in the sub-6 GHz frequency range. The achieved accuracy is analyzed from three perspectives: 1) The input parameters which include the environmental description in the form of digital maps and the corresponding constitutive material parameters; 2) from the interaction mechanisms perspective and 3) from the output perspective where the achieved accuracy of predicted path loss is reviewed. Uniform assignment of materials to the entire propagation scenario is observed in most of the works in the literature which is attributed to the composite nature of common building materials and the difficulty of characterizing all material properties especially for outdoor scenarios. The digital maps are shown to introduce a certain degree of uncertainty in the RT predictions as most common sources of the maps hardly publish the accuracy. Notwithstanding, the prediction of path loss in most RT tools is observed to be rather robust against the inaccuracies in the input parameters with most RT tools achieving a prediction accuracy with a mean error below 4 dB and a standard deviation (STD) below 8 dB. |
topic |
Constitutive material parameters digital maps radio channel modeling ray tracing sub-6 GHz |
url |
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9277601/ |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1724196300884279296 |