| Summary: | Bladder cancer is a relatively common cancer type, with a high recurrence rate, that can be often
encountered in the imaging study. Accurate diagnosis and staging have a significant impact
on determining treatment and evaluating prognosis. Bladder cancer has been evaluated by
transurethral resection of bladder tumor for clinical staging and treatment, but it is often understaged
when compared with final pathologic result by radical cystectomy. If the location,
size, presence of muscle invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and presence of
upper urinary tract cancer can be accurately diagnosed and evaluated in an imaging study, it
can be treated and managed more appropriately. For an accurate diagnosis, radiologists who
evaluate the images must be aware of the characteristics of bladder cancer as well as its types,
imaging techniques, and limitations of imaging studies. Recent developments in MRI with functional
imaging have improved the quality of bladder imaging and the evaluation of cancer. In
addition, the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System was published to objectively assess
the possibility for muscle invasion of cancer. Radiologists need to know the types of bladder
cancer treatment and how to evaluate the changes after treatment. In this article, the characteristics
of bladder urothelial carcinoma, various imaging studies, and findings are reviewed.
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