Wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) from Past to Future

• Main Authors: Ghazaleh Mosleh, Parmis Badr, Amir Azadi, Zohreh Abolhassanzadeh, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh*
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Iranian Society of Pharmacognosy 2019-04-01
• Series: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
• Subjects: Erysimum cheiri; phytochemistry; Wallflower
• Online Access: http://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_84330_011bda7c64b7ecbd17f23802269a6ae4.pdf
• ISSN: 2345-4458; 2345-5977

Wallflower (<em>Erysimum cheiri</em> (L.) Crantz) is a common medicinal plant in Persian medicine and nowadays some traditional products from wallflower are consumed on global markets. The aim of the present study was to study the phytochemical constituents of wallflower and discuss safety evaluations related to the traditional wallflower preparations. Major Persian scholars (e.g. Avicenna) books, Persian manuscripts (e.g. Makhzan-al-advia) and Arabic medical manuscripts (e.g Alshamel-fi alsanaat altebya) of the medieval Islamic era as well as current search engines including Pubmed, Scopus, Siencedirect, and Google Scholar were included in the study from 1700 up to 2018 A.D. In traditional medicine manuscripts, various topical and oral dosage forms of wallflower were administered in low doses. After renaissance, phytochemical investigations reported cardiac steroids in wallflower and it might be the reason that next medical investigations on the herb have been interrupted. According to in vivo studies, topical indications of cardiac steroids in doses lower than their inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) should be safe and effective in some cutaneous disorders. Wallflower is reported to have several different classes of compounds including: 11 types of cardenolides (such as strophanthidin, bipindogenin, uzarigenin, cannogenol and digitoxygenin derivatives), two flavonoids, a cyanidin and two glucosinolates. Therefore, for safety guarantee, wallflower products require dose adjustment based on IC₅₀ and probable cardenolide soluble content in that dosage forms.<br /> <strong> </strong>