Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients

Introduction: Since 2011, the European guidelines have included a specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, <70 mg/dl, for very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) patients. However, registries have shown unsatisfactory results in obtaining this level of adequate lipid control. Obje...

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Main Authors: Paulo Maia Araújo, Alzira Nunes, Sofia Torres, Carlos Xavier Resende, Sérgio Machado Leite, Joana Duarte Rodrigues, Sandra Amorim, Elisabete Martins, Manuel Campelo, Maria Júlia Maciel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-09-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204921002531
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author Paulo Maia Araújo
Alzira Nunes
Sofia Torres
Carlos Xavier Resende
Sérgio Machado Leite
Joana Duarte Rodrigues
Sandra Amorim
Elisabete Martins
Manuel Campelo
Maria Júlia Maciel
spellingShingle Paulo Maia Araújo
Alzira Nunes
Sofia Torres
Carlos Xavier Resende
Sérgio Machado Leite
Joana Duarte Rodrigues
Sandra Amorim
Elisabete Martins
Manuel Campelo
Maria Júlia Maciel
Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
Controlo lipídico
C-LDL
Terapêutica hipolipemiante
Risco cardiovascular
author_facet Paulo Maia Araújo
Alzira Nunes
Sofia Torres
Carlos Xavier Resende
Sérgio Machado Leite
Joana Duarte Rodrigues
Sandra Amorim
Elisabete Martins
Manuel Campelo
Maria Júlia Maciel
author_sort Paulo Maia Araújo
title Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
title_short Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
title_full Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
title_fullStr Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
title_full_unstemmed Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
title_sort temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
issn 2174-2049
publishDate 2021-09-01
description Introduction: Since 2011, the European guidelines have included a specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, <70 mg/dl, for very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) patients. However, registries have shown unsatisfactory results in obtaining this level of adequate lipid control. Objectives: To assess temporal trends in the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and attainment of adequate control in very high CVR patients since 2011. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study including very high CVR patients admitted in two periods: the first two years since the 2011 guidelines (2011/2012) and five years later (2016/2017). Lipid values, LLT, clinical variables and adequate lipid control rates were analyzed. Results: A total of 1314 patients were reviewed (2011/2012: 638; 2016/2017: 676). Overall, 443 patients (33.7%) were not under LLT and only a slight improvement in drug prescription was observed from 2011/2012 to 2016/2017. In LLT users, the proportion of high-intensity LLT increased significantly in the later years (6.4% vs. 24.0%; p<0.001), but this was not associated with adequate lipid control. Overall, mean LDL-C was 95.4±37.2 mg/dl and adequate control was achieved in 320 patients (24.4%), without significant differences between 2011/2012 and 2016/2017 (p=0.282). Independent predictors of adequate control were male gender, older age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, prior acute coronary syndrome, prior stroke and LLT, while stable coronary artery disease was associated with higher risk of failure. Conclusion: Even after the introduction of specific LDL-C targets, these are still not reached in most patients. Over a five-year period, LLT prescription only improved slightly, while adequate lipid control rates remained unchanged. Resumo: Introdução: Desde 2011, as guidelines europeias introduziram um alvo específico de colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (C-LDL) para pacientes de risco cardiovascular muito alto (RCVMA): C-LDL <70 mg/dL. No entanto, os registos demonstraram resultados insatisfatórios na obtenção desse controlo lipídico adequado (CLAd). Objetivos: Avaliar tendências temporais no uso de terapêutica hipolipemiante (TH) e no alcance de CLAd em pacientes de RCVMA desde 2011. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo, incluindo pacientes de RCVMA admitidos em dois períodos: dois primeiros anos desde as guidelines de 2011 (2011/2012) e cinco anos depois (2016/2017). Os valores lipídicos, TH, variáveis clínicas e taxas de CLAd foram analisados. Resultados: Foram revistos 1314 pacientes (2011/2012: 638; 2016/2017: 676). No geral, 443 pacientes (33,7%) não estavam sob TH e foi observada apenas uma ligeira melhoria na prescrição destes fármacos de 2011/2012 a 2016/2017. Em pacientes sob TH, a proporção destes com terapêutica de alta intensidade aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos (6,4% versus 24,0%; p<0,001), mas não foi associada ao CLAd. No geral, o C-LDL médio foi de 95,4±37,2 mg/dL e o CLAd foi alcançado em 320 pacientes (24,4%), sem diferenças significativas entre 2011/2012 e 2016/2017 (p=0,282). Os preditores independentes de CLAd foram: género masculino, idade avançada, diabetes, doença renal crónica, síndrome coronária aguda prévia, acidente vascular cerebral prévio e TH, enquanto a doença coronária estável foi associada a maior risco de falhar esse objetivo. Conclusão: Mesmo após a introdução de metas específicas de C-LDL, estas ainda não são atingidas na maioria dos pacientes. Durante um período de cinco anos, a prescrição de TH apenas melhorou ligeiramente, enquanto as taxas de obtenção de CLAd permanecerem inalteradas.
topic Controlo lipídico
C-LDL
Terapêutica hipolipemiante
Risco cardiovascular
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204921002531
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spelling doaj-b94716d2e7384cb69eec76475c6c1f602021-09-07T04:13:08ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)2174-20492021-09-01409641648Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patientsPaulo Maia Araújo0Alzira Nunes1Sofia Torres2Carlos Xavier Resende3Sérgio Machado Leite4Joana Duarte Rodrigues5Sandra Amorim6Elisabete Martins7Manuel Campelo8Maria Júlia Maciel9Centro Hospitalar Universitario de São João, Porto, Portugal; Corresponding author.Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalCardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PortugalIntroduction: Since 2011, the European guidelines have included a specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, <70 mg/dl, for very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) patients. However, registries have shown unsatisfactory results in obtaining this level of adequate lipid control. Objectives: To assess temporal trends in the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and attainment of adequate control in very high CVR patients since 2011. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study including very high CVR patients admitted in two periods: the first two years since the 2011 guidelines (2011/2012) and five years later (2016/2017). Lipid values, LLT, clinical variables and adequate lipid control rates were analyzed. Results: A total of 1314 patients were reviewed (2011/2012: 638; 2016/2017: 676). Overall, 443 patients (33.7%) were not under LLT and only a slight improvement in drug prescription was observed from 2011/2012 to 2016/2017. In LLT users, the proportion of high-intensity LLT increased significantly in the later years (6.4% vs. 24.0%; p<0.001), but this was not associated with adequate lipid control. Overall, mean LDL-C was 95.4±37.2 mg/dl and adequate control was achieved in 320 patients (24.4%), without significant differences between 2011/2012 and 2016/2017 (p=0.282). Independent predictors of adequate control were male gender, older age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, prior acute coronary syndrome, prior stroke and LLT, while stable coronary artery disease was associated with higher risk of failure. Conclusion: Even after the introduction of specific LDL-C targets, these are still not reached in most patients. Over a five-year period, LLT prescription only improved slightly, while adequate lipid control rates remained unchanged. Resumo: Introdução: Desde 2011, as guidelines europeias introduziram um alvo específico de colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (C-LDL) para pacientes de risco cardiovascular muito alto (RCVMA): C-LDL <70 mg/dL. No entanto, os registos demonstraram resultados insatisfatórios na obtenção desse controlo lipídico adequado (CLAd). Objetivos: Avaliar tendências temporais no uso de terapêutica hipolipemiante (TH) e no alcance de CLAd em pacientes de RCVMA desde 2011. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo, incluindo pacientes de RCVMA admitidos em dois períodos: dois primeiros anos desde as guidelines de 2011 (2011/2012) e cinco anos depois (2016/2017). Os valores lipídicos, TH, variáveis clínicas e taxas de CLAd foram analisados. Resultados: Foram revistos 1314 pacientes (2011/2012: 638; 2016/2017: 676). No geral, 443 pacientes (33,7%) não estavam sob TH e foi observada apenas uma ligeira melhoria na prescrição destes fármacos de 2011/2012 a 2016/2017. Em pacientes sob TH, a proporção destes com terapêutica de alta intensidade aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos (6,4% versus 24,0%; p<0,001), mas não foi associada ao CLAd. No geral, o C-LDL médio foi de 95,4±37,2 mg/dL e o CLAd foi alcançado em 320 pacientes (24,4%), sem diferenças significativas entre 2011/2012 e 2016/2017 (p=0,282). Os preditores independentes de CLAd foram: género masculino, idade avançada, diabetes, doença renal crónica, síndrome coronária aguda prévia, acidente vascular cerebral prévio e TH, enquanto a doença coronária estável foi associada a maior risco de falhar esse objetivo. Conclusão: Mesmo após a introdução de metas específicas de C-LDL, estas ainda não são atingidas na maioria dos pacientes. Durante um período de cinco anos, a prescrição de TH apenas melhorou ligeiramente, enquanto as taxas de obtenção de CLAd permanecerem inalteradas.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2174204921002531Controlo lipídicoC-LDLTerapêutica hipolipemianteRisco cardiovascular