Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches
The pyrolysis of willow samples from various plant positions was analysed using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results indicate that pyrolysis can be divided into four stages. The first stage from 30 to 120°C involves free evaporation of moisture, with a mass...
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2015-01-01
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303212 |
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doaj-b93e2f6738634f7a91610bf3e13ad7c12020-11-24T21:27:17ZengHindawi LimitedAdvances in Materials Science and Engineering1687-84341687-84422015-01-01201510.1155/2015/303212303212Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and BranchesZhen Liu0Na Qi1Yaning Luan2Xiangyang Sun3College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe pyrolysis of willow samples from various plant positions was analysed using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results indicate that pyrolysis can be divided into four stages. The first stage from 30 to 120°C involves free evaporation of moisture, with a mass loss of 5%. The second stage from 120 to 200°C involves the pyrolysis of hemicellulose and unstable cellulose, with a mass loss of 4%. The third stage is from 200 to 400°C, with a weight loss of 60%, in which the chemical components of wood thermally decompose and emit heat, carbon dioxide, and so on. In the final stage, which occurs above 400°C, the pyrolysis of lignin and charring of cellulose occur, with a mass loss of 10%. Moreover, in FTIR, the samples exhibit the highest absorbance during the main pyrolysis phase, from which wood vinegar ingredients mainly arise, including CO2, H2O, CO, and small amounts of hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, acids, esters, and aromatic compounds. Additionally, leaves are decomposed more thoroughly before the main pyrolysis phase, whereas decomposition of branches occurs fullest during this phase. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to support further research on conversion of willow into wood vinegar products.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303212 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhen Liu Na Qi Yaning Luan Xiangyang Sun |
spellingShingle |
Zhen Liu Na Qi Yaning Luan Xiangyang Sun Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches Advances in Materials Science and Engineering |
author_facet |
Zhen Liu Na Qi Yaning Luan Xiangyang Sun |
author_sort |
Zhen Liu |
title |
Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches |
title_short |
Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches |
title_full |
Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches |
title_fullStr |
Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Willow Leaves, Stems, and Branches |
title_sort |
thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy analysis of the pyrolysis of willow leaves, stems, and branches |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering |
issn |
1687-8434 1687-8442 |
publishDate |
2015-01-01 |
description |
The pyrolysis of willow samples from various plant positions was analysed using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results indicate that pyrolysis can be divided into four stages. The first stage from 30 to 120°C involves free evaporation of moisture, with a mass loss of 5%. The second stage from 120 to 200°C involves the pyrolysis of hemicellulose and unstable cellulose, with a mass loss of 4%. The third stage is from 200 to 400°C, with a weight loss of 60%, in which the chemical components of wood thermally decompose and emit heat, carbon dioxide, and so on. In the final stage, which occurs above 400°C, the pyrolysis of lignin and charring of cellulose occur, with a mass loss of 10%. Moreover, in FTIR, the samples exhibit the highest absorbance during the main pyrolysis phase, from which wood vinegar ingredients mainly arise, including CO2, H2O, CO, and small amounts of hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, acids, esters, and aromatic compounds. Additionally, leaves are decomposed more thoroughly before the main pyrolysis phase, whereas decomposition of branches occurs fullest during this phase. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to support further research on conversion of willow into wood vinegar products. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303212 |
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