| Summary: | This article aims to identify the determinants of the implementation of competency management in federal institutes. In order to do this, sought to identify how the institutes intend to develop the models, the difficulties encountered, the expected benefits and suggestions for effective implementation. To do so, this descriptive cross - sectional study resorted to quantitative and qualitative approaches with data collected through an electronic questionnaire, being analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. A sample of 90.5% of Federal Institutions (IF) of Brazil was obtained. The main results indicate that 7.9% of IFs already have actions regarding the adoption of competency management, 89.5% intend to implement; the main reason for adoption is due to Decree 5707/2006, which refers to the main intention of using the skills to subsidize training and development processes. The main difficulties are the restrictions of personnel for deployment, lack of support of the managers and resistance of the servers. The key benefits expected are performance improvements and people management practices. Alignment with results from the literature was verified, besides identifying additional factors. It was suggested actions necessary for effective implantation and pointed recommendations of new research for advances in the subject in Public Administration.
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