Evidence of Quorum Sensing in Cyanobacteria by Homoserine Lactones: The Origin of Blooms

• Main Authors: Natalia Herrera, Fernando Echeverri
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
• Series: Water
• Subjects: cyanobacteria; <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>; <i>Cylíndridrospermopsis raciborskii</i>; blooms; proliferation; toxin
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1831

Although several theories have been postulated to explain cyanobacterial blooms, their biochemical origin has not yet been found. In this work, we explore the existence of bacterial communication, called quorum sensing, in <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> and <i>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</i>. Thus, the application of several known acylhomoserine lactones to cultures of both cyanobacteria causes profound metabolic. At 72 h post-application, some of them produced substantial increases in cell proliferation, while others were inhibitors. There was a correlation with colony-forming activity for most of them. According to ELISA analysis, the microcystin levels were increased with some lactones. However, there was a clear difference between <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>C. raciborskii</i> culture since, in the first one, there was an inducing effect on cell proliferation, while in <i>C. raciborskii</i>, the effects were minor. Besides, there were compound inhibitors and inducers of microcystins production in <i>M. aeruginosa</i>, but almost all compounds were only inducers of saxitoxin production in <i>C. raciborskii.</i> Moreover, each lactone appears to be involved in a specific quorum sensing process. From these results, the formation of cyanobacterial blooms in dams and reservoirs could be explained since lactones may come from cyanobacteria and other sources as bacterial microflora-associated or exogenous compounds structurally unrelated to lactones, such as drugs, industrial effluents, and agrochemicals.