Melhoramento do trigo: XV. Produtividade e outras características agronômicas de novas linhagens para o Estado de São Paulo Wheat breeding: XV. Grain yield and other agronomic characteristics of new inbreed lines for the State of São Paulo, Brazil

• Main Authors: Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo, João Carlos Felício, Benedito de Camargo Barros, José Guilherme de Freitas, Antonio Wilson Penteado Ferreira Filho, Jairo Lopes de Castro, José Carlos Sabino
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Instituto Agronômico de Campinas 1987-01-01
• Series: Bragantia
• Subjects: trigo; cultivares; linhagens; produtividade; resistência a moléstias; toxicidade de alumínio; wheat; cultivars; fines; grain yield; disease resistance; aluminum toxicity
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87051987000100011

De 1983 a 1985, foram estudadas 22 linhagens de trigo, recém-obtidas, em ensaios instalados no Centro Experimental de Campinas, nas Estações Experimentais de Capão Bonito e Tietê e na Fazenda Floresta Negra, em Maracaí. A produtividade e outras características agronômicas e fitopatológicas foram analisadas em condições de campo e de laboratório. As linhagens IAC-75, IAC-77, IAC-79, IAC-80, IAC-82, IAC-84, IAC-85, IAC-87, IAC-88, IAC-89, IAC-90, IAC-91 e IAC-93 apresentaram produções de grãos superiores ao cultivar controle Alondra S-46, não diferindo, porém, dos cultivares controles BH-1146 e IAC-18. As linhagens IAC-76, IAC-90, IAC-91, IAC-94 e IAC-96 exibiram porte anão, diferindo significativamente dos cultivares BH-1146 e IAC-18. Em relação ao oídio, as linhagens IAC-75, IAC-78, IAC-80, IAC-93 e IAC-94 apresentaram o menor grau de infecção; em relação à ferrugem-da-folha em condição de campo, podem-se destacar pela boa performance as linhagens IAC-75, IAC-78, IAC-81, IAC-83, IAC-89 e IAC-95. A IAC-93 e o 'BH-1146' mostraram menor ocorrência de doenças de folhas. As linhagens IAC-76 e IAC-96 e o cultivar Alondra S-46 foram considerados resistentes às oito raças testadas do agente de ferrugem-do-colmo em casa de vegetação em estádio de plântula. Nas mesmas condições a linhagem IAC-94 mostrou resistência a seis raças e as linhagens IAC-79, IAC-81, IAC-84, IAC-89, IAC-90 e IAC-95 revelaram-se resistentes a cinco raças. A linhagem IAC-96 foi resistente a três raças de ferrugem-da-folha, em estádio de plântula. As linhagens IAC-78, IAC-79, IAC-82, IAC-85, IAC-87, IAC-88, IAC-90 e IAC-93 mostraram-se tão tolerantes ao alumínio quanto os cultivares BH-1146 e IAC-18, e as linhagens IAC-84 e IAC-89, tão sensíveis ao alumínio quanto o cultivar Alondra S-46.<br>Twenty two inbred lines obtained at the Instituto Agronômico from the wheat breeding program plus the cultivars BH-1146, IAC-18 and Alondra S-46 were evaluated in field experiments carried out at Campinas Experimental Center, Tietê and Capão Bonito Experimental Stations and at Floresta Negra Farm, Maracaí during the years of 1983, 1984 and 1985. Grain yield, plant height, number of days from emergence to flowering period and from emergence to maturation, percentage of lodging, head length, number of grain per spike and per spikelet, number of spikelets, weight of 100 grains, resistance to powdery mildew, and to stem and leaf rusts were evaluated under field conditions. Tests of resistance to stem and leaf rusts and to aluminum tolerance were also made, respectively, in greenhouse and in laboratory. The lines IAC-75, IAC-77, IAC-79, IAC-80, IAC-82, IAC-84, IAC-85, IAC-87, IAC-88, IAC-89, IAC-90, IAC-91 and IAC-93 showed superior productivity. They differed from the 'Alondra S-46' but it was not found significant differences among these lines and the control cultivars BH-1146 and IAC-18. In relation to powdery mildew, the lines IAC-75, IAC-78, IAC-80, IAC-93 and IAC-94 showed good resistance under field conditions. The lines IAC-76 and IAC-96 and the cultivar Alondra S-46 were resistant at seedling stage to eight races of the causal agent of the stem rust, under greenhouse conditions, 'IAC-94' was resistant to six races and 'IAC-79', 'IAC-81', 'IAC-84', 'IAC-89', 'IAC-90', and 'IAC-95' were resistant to five races. In relation to leaf rust the line IAC-96 showed high resistance under natural infection out in the field and presented resistance to three races of this rust disease at the seedling stage, under greenhouse conditions. The lines IAC-76, IAC-90, IAC-91, IAC-94, IAC-96 and the cultivar Alondra S-46 exhibited the semi-dwarf type when compared to the tall cultivars BH-1146 and IAC-18. The lines IAC-78, IAC-79, IAC-82, IAC-85, IAC-87, IAC-88, IAC-90 and IAC-93 as well as 'BH-1146' and 'IAC-18' were tolerant to the presence of 10 mg/l of Al3+ in the nutrient solution.