Larvicidal potential of some plants from West Africa against <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Say) and <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Main Authors: Alain Azokou, Mamidou W. Koné, Benjamin G. Koudou, Honora F. Tra Bi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2013-04-01
• Series: Journal of Vector Borne Diseases
• Subjects: Anopheles gambiae; Culex quinquefasciatus; larvicidal activity; plants; phytochemistry; West Africa
• Online Access: http://www.mrcindia.org/journal/issues/502103.pdf
• ISSN: 0972-9062; 0972-9062

<b>Background & objectives</b>: Mosquitoes increased resistance to insecticides, and environmental concerns about the use of insecticides, pose a major challenge in the search for new molecules to deplete and incapacitate mosquito populations. Plants are the valuable source as practices consisting in exploiting plant materials as repellents, and are still in wide use throughout developing countries. The aim of the present study was to screen plants from C&#964;te d'Ivoire for larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. <b>Methods</b>: Resistant and sensitive larvae (III and IV instar) of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to crude ethanol extracts (90%) of 45 plants and viability observed after 30 min, 6, 12 and 24 h postincubation. After partition of active extracts, each fraction (hexane and chloroform washed with NaCl 1%, tannins and aqueous) was tested using the same protocol at various concentrations (1000&#8211; 31.2 ppm). <b>Results</b>: Of 49 extracts tested, 7 exhibited high potential (LC50 = 80 to 370 ppm) against resistant and sensitive III and IV instar larvae of An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These extracts were from Cissus populnea, Cochlospermum planchonii, Heliotropium indicum, Phyllanthus amarus, Vitex grandifolia and Alchornea cordifolia. However, three most active plant species (LC50 = 80&#8211; 180 ppm) were Cs. populnea, Cm. planchonii and P. amarus Their hexane and chloroform fractions showed high larvicidal activity. <b>Conclusion</b>: This study demonstrated that plants from C&#964;te d'Ivoire have a real potential for malaria, yellow fever, filarial and dengue vector control. Those could be used as sources or provide lead compounds for the development of safe plant-based biocides.