Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle
Sonic nozzles are widely used as flow measurement and transfer standard. The thermal effect of sonic nozzle is significant at low Reynolds number. It includes two correction factors, CT for the thermal boundary-layer and Cα for constrained thermal deformation of throat area. Firstly, using the simil...
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VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences
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doaj-b4edfff6d5524701be6f430203cf024b2021-01-02T15:25:13ZengVINCA Institute of Nuclear SciencesThermal Science0354-98362334-71632018-01-01221 Part A24726210.2298/TSCI151104146D0354-98361600146DThermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzleDing Hong-Bing0Wang Chao1Wang Gang2Tianjin University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin University, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control, Tianjin, ChinaSonic nozzles are widely used as flow measurement and transfer standard. The thermal effect of sonic nozzle is significant at low Reynolds number. It includes two correction factors, CT for the thermal boundary-layer and Cα for constrained thermal deformation of throat area. Firstly, using the similarity solution, the formula for correction factor CT over wall temperature range from 0.8T0 to 1.2T0 was obtained. For γ = 1.33, CT = 1 – 3.800 Re–1/2ΔT/T0; for γ = 1.4, CT = 1 – 3.845 Re–1/2ΔT/T0; for γ = 1.67, CT = 1 – 4.010 Re–1/2ΔT/T0. Secondly, thermal and stress models for partially constrained expansion were built. Unlike the free expansion, truth slopes of Cα for three nozzles are +1.74·10–6, –2.75·10–5 and –3.61·10–5, respectively. Lastly, the experimental data of Cu nozzle was used to validate present results. It revealed that modified experimental values are in good agreement with the present result.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-9836/2018/0354-98361600146D.pdfsonic nozzlethermal effectthermal boundary-layerconstrained thermal deformation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ding Hong-Bing Wang Chao Wang Gang |
spellingShingle |
Ding Hong-Bing Wang Chao Wang Gang Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle Thermal Science sonic nozzle thermal effect thermal boundary-layer constrained thermal deformation |
author_facet |
Ding Hong-Bing Wang Chao Wang Gang |
author_sort |
Ding Hong-Bing |
title |
Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
title_short |
Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
title_full |
Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
title_fullStr |
Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
title_sort |
thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle |
publisher |
VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences |
series |
Thermal Science |
issn |
0354-9836 2334-7163 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Sonic nozzles are widely used as flow measurement and transfer standard. The thermal effect of sonic nozzle is significant at low Reynolds number. It includes two correction factors, CT for the thermal boundary-layer and Cα for constrained thermal deformation of throat area. Firstly, using the similarity solution, the formula for correction factor CT over wall temperature range from 0.8T0 to 1.2T0 was obtained. For γ = 1.33, CT = 1 – 3.800 Re–1/2ΔT/T0; for γ = 1.4, CT = 1 – 3.845 Re–1/2ΔT/T0; for γ = 1.67, CT = 1 – 4.010 Re–1/2ΔT/T0. Secondly, thermal and stress models for partially constrained expansion were built. Unlike the free expansion, truth slopes of Cα for three nozzles are +1.74·10–6, –2.75·10–5 and –3.61·10–5, respectively. Lastly, the experimental data of Cu nozzle was used to validate present results. It revealed that modified experimental values are in good agreement with the present result. |
topic |
sonic nozzle thermal effect thermal boundary-layer constrained thermal deformation |
url |
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-9836/2018/0354-98361600146D.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT dinghongbing thermaleffectonmassflowrateofsonicnozzle AT wangchao thermaleffectonmassflowrateofsonicnozzle AT wanggang thermaleffectonmassflowrateofsonicnozzle |
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1724352977684135936 |