Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures

The combination of different materials and capabilities to manufacture at several scales open new possibilities in scaffold design for bone regeneration. This work is focused on bimodal scaffolds that combine polylactic acid (PLA) melt extruded strands with polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fibers....

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Main Authors: Hernan Lara-Padilla, Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro, Diego Cardenas, Aida Rodriguez-Garcia, Ciro A. Rodriguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2017-06-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/6/640
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spelling doaj-b38ed85f613348c08392fb2ffc33fcd32020-11-25T01:04:28ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442017-06-0110664010.3390/ma10060640ma10060640Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting TemperaturesHernan Lara-Padilla0Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro1Diego Cardenas2Aida Rodriguez-Garcia3Ciro A. Rodriguez4Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoInstituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, MexicoEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoThe combination of different materials and capabilities to manufacture at several scales open new possibilities in scaffold design for bone regeneration. This work is focused on bimodal scaffolds that combine polylactic acid (PLA) melt extruded strands with polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fibers. This type of bimodal scaffold offers better mechanical properties, compared to the use of PCL for the extruded strands, and provides potential a means for controlled drug and/or growth factor delivery through the electrospun fibers. The technologies of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and electrospinning were combined to create 3D bimodal constructs. The system uses a controlled cooling system allowing the combination of polymers with different melting temperatures to generate integrated scaffold architecture. The thermoplastic polymers used in the FDM process enhance the mechanical properties of the bimodal scaffold and control the pore structure. Integrated layers of electrospun microfibers induce an increase of the surface area for cell culture purposes, as well as potential in situ controlled drug and/or growth factor delivery. The proposed bimodal scaffolds (PLA extruded strands and PCL electrospun fibers) show appropriate morphology and better mechanical properties when compared to the use of PCL extruded strands. On average, bimodal scaffolds with overall dimensions of 30 × 30 × 2.4 mm3 (strand diameter of 0.5 mm, strand stepover of 2.5 mm, pore size of 2 mm, and layer height of 0.3 mm) showed scaffold stiffness of 23.73 MPa and compression strength of 3.85 MPa. A cytotoxicity assay based human fibroblasts showed viability of the scaffold materials.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/6/640tissue engineeringbonebimodal scaffoldsfused deposition modelingelectrospinninghybrid manufacturing process
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Hernan Lara-Padilla
Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro
Diego Cardenas
Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
Ciro A. Rodriguez
spellingShingle Hernan Lara-Padilla
Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro
Diego Cardenas
Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
Ciro A. Rodriguez
Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
Materials
tissue engineering
bone
bimodal scaffolds
fused deposition modeling
electrospinning
hybrid manufacturing process
author_facet Hernan Lara-Padilla
Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro
Diego Cardenas
Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
Ciro A. Rodriguez
author_sort Hernan Lara-Padilla
title Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
title_short Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
title_full Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
title_fullStr Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Controlled Cooling in Bimodal Scaffold Fabrication Using Polymers with Different Melting Temperatures
title_sort influence of controlled cooling in bimodal scaffold fabrication using polymers with different melting temperatures
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2017-06-01
description The combination of different materials and capabilities to manufacture at several scales open new possibilities in scaffold design for bone regeneration. This work is focused on bimodal scaffolds that combine polylactic acid (PLA) melt extruded strands with polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fibers. This type of bimodal scaffold offers better mechanical properties, compared to the use of PCL for the extruded strands, and provides potential a means for controlled drug and/or growth factor delivery through the electrospun fibers. The technologies of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and electrospinning were combined to create 3D bimodal constructs. The system uses a controlled cooling system allowing the combination of polymers with different melting temperatures to generate integrated scaffold architecture. The thermoplastic polymers used in the FDM process enhance the mechanical properties of the bimodal scaffold and control the pore structure. Integrated layers of electrospun microfibers induce an increase of the surface area for cell culture purposes, as well as potential in situ controlled drug and/or growth factor delivery. The proposed bimodal scaffolds (PLA extruded strands and PCL electrospun fibers) show appropriate morphology and better mechanical properties when compared to the use of PCL extruded strands. On average, bimodal scaffolds with overall dimensions of 30 × 30 × 2.4 mm3 (strand diameter of 0.5 mm, strand stepover of 2.5 mm, pore size of 2 mm, and layer height of 0.3 mm) showed scaffold stiffness of 23.73 MPa and compression strength of 3.85 MPa. A cytotoxicity assay based human fibroblasts showed viability of the scaffold materials.
topic tissue engineering
bone
bimodal scaffolds
fused deposition modeling
electrospinning
hybrid manufacturing process
url http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/6/640
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