Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009

Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009

European near-noontime ionosonde observations were considered during the period of deep solar minimum in 2008–2009 to analyze f<sub>o</sub>F<sub>2</sub> perturbations not related to solar and geomagnetic activity. Sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs) events in January 2008 and...

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Main Authors: Andrey V. Mikhailov, Loredana Perrone, Anatoly A. Nusinov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
quiet-time F<sub>2</sub>-layer disturbances
sudden stratospheric warming
retrieved thermospheric parameters
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514
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spelling doaj-b3180f90f2b94da29370338c139a093f2021-04-14T23:05:10ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-04-01131514151410.3390/rs13081514Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009Andrey V. Mikhailov0Loredana Perrone1Anatoly A. Nusinov2Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, RussiaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143 Rome, ItalyFedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics (IAG), 129128 Moscow, RussiaEuropean near-noontime ionosonde observations were considered during the period of deep solar minimum in 2008–2009 to analyze f<sub>o</sub>F<sub>2</sub> perturbations not related to solar and geomagnetic activity. Sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs) events in January 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. An original method was used to retrieve aeronomic parameters from observed electron concentration in the ionospheric F-region. Atomic oxygen was shown to be the main aeronomic parameter responsible both for the observed day-to-day and long-term (during SSWs) f<sub>o</sub>F<sub>2</sub> variations. Atomic oxygen rather than neutral temperature mainly controls the decrease of thermospheric neutral gas density in the course of the SSW events. Day-to-day variations of thermospheric circulation and an intensification of eddy diffusion during SSWs are suggested to be the processes changing the atomic oxygen abundance in the upper atmosphere for the periods in question. Recent Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations of O/N<sub>2</sub> column density confirm the depletion of the atomic oxygen abundance not related to geomagnetic activity during SSWs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514quiet-time F<sub>2</sub>-layer disturbancessudden stratospheric warmingretrieved thermospheric parameters
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Andrey V. Mikhailov
Loredana Perrone
Anatoly A. Nusinov
spellingShingle Andrey V. Mikhailov
Loredana Perrone
Anatoly A. Nusinov
Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
Remote Sensing
quiet-time F<sub>2</sub>-layer disturbances
sudden stratospheric warming
retrieved thermospheric parameters
author_facet Andrey V. Mikhailov
Loredana Perrone
Anatoly A. Nusinov
author_sort Andrey V. Mikhailov
title Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
title_short Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
title_full Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
title_fullStr Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
title_full_unstemmed Mid-Latitude Daytime F<sub>2</sub>-Layer Disturbance Mechanism under Extremely Low Solar and Geomagnetic Activity in 2008–2009
title_sort mid-latitude daytime f<sub>2</sub>-layer disturbance mechanism under extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity in 2008–2009
publisher MDPI AG
series Remote Sensing
issn 2072-4292
publishDate 2021-04-01
description European near-noontime ionosonde observations were considered during the period of deep solar minimum in 2008–2009 to analyze f<sub>o</sub>F<sub>2</sub> perturbations not related to solar and geomagnetic activity. Sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs) events in January 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. An original method was used to retrieve aeronomic parameters from observed electron concentration in the ionospheric F-region. Atomic oxygen was shown to be the main aeronomic parameter responsible both for the observed day-to-day and long-term (during SSWs) f<sub>o</sub>F<sub>2</sub> variations. Atomic oxygen rather than neutral temperature mainly controls the decrease of thermospheric neutral gas density in the course of the SSW events. Day-to-day variations of thermospheric circulation and an intensification of eddy diffusion during SSWs are suggested to be the processes changing the atomic oxygen abundance in the upper atmosphere for the periods in question. Recent Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations of O/N<sub>2</sub> column density confirm the depletion of the atomic oxygen abundance not related to geomagnetic activity during SSWs.
topic quiet-time F<sub>2</sub>-layer disturbances
sudden stratospheric warming
retrieved thermospheric parameters
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1514
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AT loredanaperrone midlatitudedaytimefsub2sublayerdisturbancemechanismunderextremelylowsolarandgeomagneticactivityin20082009
AT anatolyanusinov midlatitudedaytimefsub2sublayerdisturbancemechanismunderextremelylowsolarandgeomagneticactivityin20082009
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