An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages

Protein fortified products are regularly recommended to older adults to improve nutritional status and limit sarcopenia. However protein fortification can elicit negative sensory attributes such as mouthdrying. Sensitivity to mouthdrying can increase with age, yet the influence of saliva flow and mu...

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Main Authors: Victoria Norton, Stella Lignou, Stephanie P. Bull, Margot A. Gosney, Lisa Methven
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2506
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spelling doaj-b2d73c029c1c41ecb65694adb87a2ffd2020-11-25T03:34:16ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-08-01122506250610.3390/nu12092506An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein BeveragesVictoria Norton0Stella Lignou1Stephanie P. Bull2Margot A. Gosney3Lisa Methven4Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UKDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UKDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UKRoyal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Reading RG1 5AN, UKDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UKProtein fortified products are regularly recommended to older adults to improve nutritional status and limit sarcopenia. However protein fortification can elicit negative sensory attributes such as mouthdrying. Sensitivity to mouthdrying can increase with age, yet the influence of saliva flow and mucoadhesion remain uncertain. Here, two studies tested different whey protein beverages (WPB); 22 healthy younger volunteers completed a pilot and 84 healthy volunteers from two age groups (18–30; 65+) completed the main study. In both studies salivary flow rates (mL/min) were measured and saliva samples were collected at time intervals post beverage consumption to measure mucoadhesion to the oral cavity, where protein concentration was analysed by Bradford Assay. Volunteers rated perception and acceptability of WPBs in the main study. WPB consumption resulted in significantly increased protein concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) in saliva samples compared with a control whey permeate beverage. Older adults had significantly lower unstimulated saliva flow (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and significantly increased protein concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in saliva samples, compared with younger adults. Heating of WPB significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased mouthdrying and thickness perception and reduced sweetness compared with unheated WPB. Mucoadhesion is concluded to be a true phenomenon in WPBs and increases with age.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2506mucoadhesionmouthdryingolder adultswhey proteinsaliva flow
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Victoria Norton
Stella Lignou
Stephanie P. Bull
Margot A. Gosney
Lisa Methven
spellingShingle Victoria Norton
Stella Lignou
Stephanie P. Bull
Margot A. Gosney
Lisa Methven
An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
Nutrients
mucoadhesion
mouthdrying
older adults
whey protein
saliva flow
author_facet Victoria Norton
Stella Lignou
Stephanie P. Bull
Margot A. Gosney
Lisa Methven
author_sort Victoria Norton
title An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
title_short An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
title_full An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
title_fullStr An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
title_full_unstemmed An Investigation of the Influence of Age and Saliva Flow on the Oral Retention of Whey Protein and Its Potential Effect on the Perception and Acceptance of Whey Protein Beverages
title_sort investigation of the influence of age and saliva flow on the oral retention of whey protein and its potential effect on the perception and acceptance of whey protein beverages
publisher MDPI AG
series Nutrients
issn 2072-6643
publishDate 2020-08-01
description Protein fortified products are regularly recommended to older adults to improve nutritional status and limit sarcopenia. However protein fortification can elicit negative sensory attributes such as mouthdrying. Sensitivity to mouthdrying can increase with age, yet the influence of saliva flow and mucoadhesion remain uncertain. Here, two studies tested different whey protein beverages (WPB); 22 healthy younger volunteers completed a pilot and 84 healthy volunteers from two age groups (18–30; 65+) completed the main study. In both studies salivary flow rates (mL/min) were measured and saliva samples were collected at time intervals post beverage consumption to measure mucoadhesion to the oral cavity, where protein concentration was analysed by Bradford Assay. Volunteers rated perception and acceptability of WPBs in the main study. WPB consumption resulted in significantly increased protein concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) in saliva samples compared with a control whey permeate beverage. Older adults had significantly lower unstimulated saliva flow (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and significantly increased protein concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in saliva samples, compared with younger adults. Heating of WPB significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased mouthdrying and thickness perception and reduced sweetness compared with unheated WPB. Mucoadhesion is concluded to be a true phenomenon in WPBs and increases with age.
topic mucoadhesion
mouthdrying
older adults
whey protein
saliva flow
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2506
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