Exploration of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys in the Stream-Wise and Secondary Flow Directions Comprising the Significant Impacts of Magnetohydrodynamic and Hybrid Nanofluid

• Main Authors: Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Umair Khan, Aurang Zaib, Ilyas Khan, Dumitru Baleanu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
• Series: Crystals
• Subjects: Dufour and Soret effects; stream-wise direction; cross flow; hybrid alloy nanomaterials; dual solutions
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/8/679

This exploration examines the nonlinear effect of radiation on magnet flow consisting of hybrid alloy nanoparticles in the way of stream-wise and cross flow. Many experimental, as well as theoretical explorations, demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the regular liquid increases by up to 15 to 40% when nanomaterials are mixed with the regular liquid. This change of the thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid depends on the various characteristics of the mixed nanomaterials like the size of the nanoparticles, the agglomeration of the particles, the volume fraction, etc. Researchers have used numerous nanoparticles. However, we selected water-based aluminum alloy (AA7075) and titanium alloy (Ti₆Al₄V) hybrid nanomaterials. This condition was mathematically modeled by capturing the Soret and Dufour impacts. The similarity method was exercised to change the partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Such nonlinear ODEs were worked out numerically via the bvp4c solver. The influences of varying the parameters on the concentration, temperature, and velocity area and the accompanying engineering quantities such as friction factor, mass, and heat transport rate were obtained and discussed using graphs. The velocity declines owing to nanoparticle volume fraction in the stream-wise and cross flow directions in the first result and augment in the second result, while the temperature and concentration upsurge in the first and second results. In addition, the Nusselt number augments due to the Soret number and declines due to the Dufour number in both results, whereas the Sherwood number uplifts due to the Dufour number and shrinks due to the Soret number in both results.